Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
OLTP
Business Focus Operational
ODS
Operational Tactical
OLAP
Tactical
DM/DW
Tactical Strategic
Client Server
Cubic Small Medium Long 50 400 N/A N/A
Facts
Dimensions
108th -1010th
103rd -105th
OLTP Model
Dimensional Model
Dimension Hierarchies
SQL> select distinct levelx from dw_period;
LEVELX -------------------DAY MONTH QUARTER WEEK YEAR
Avoid Snowflakes
Avoid natural desire to normalize model: Complicates end-user query construction Adds additional level of JOIN complexity Database optimizers do not handle very well Saves some space at the cost of longer queries
Snowflake Model
Common Aggregations
Build end-user driven aggregate tables: By time (e.g. week, month, quarter, year) By geographic regions (e.g. time zones) By end-user reporting interests (e.g. beer) By dimension hierarchy (e.g. product category) Aggregates should be 5 to 10 times smaller
Time Aggregates
Non-Time Aggregates
Index Design
All fact table, foreign key columns must have individual bitmap indexes on them
All dimension table, non-key columns should have individual bitmap indexes
10 B-Tree Indexes
48 Bitmap Indexes!!!
No PK/UK/FK Constraints
Oracle Partitioning
Way beyond the scope of dimensional modeling, but:
If any non-time dimension provides a good locality of reference for typical user queries, then sub-partition on that dimension (i.e use 8is new composite partitioning)
TABLE
OBJECT
RELATIONAL
TABLE IN CLUSTER
TABLE IN TABLESPACE
ORG INDEX
ORG HEAP
TABLE PARTITION
INDEX NONPARTITION
INDEX NONPARTITION
INDEX NONPARTITION
INDEX NONPARTITION
INDEX PARTITION
INDEX NONPARTITION
INDEX PARTITION
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
LOCAL
1. BTREE
2. BTREE
12. BTREE
4. BTREE
6. BTREE
7. BTREE
9. BTREE
10. BTREE
3. BITMAP
5. BITMAP
8. BITMAP
11. BITMAP
Indexing Options!!!
Timing
9,293 4,747 4,987 6,319 12,508
Partition Index 14,902 NOTE: specific to my data and user queries Organized
Star Transformation
UNIX 9,688
NT
11,14 0
25,45 4
Other DW Presentations
Optimizing Data Warehouse Ad-Hoc Queries against "Star Schemas Attendees will learn optimal techniques for designing, monitoring and tuning "Star Schema" Data Warehouses in Oracle 8.0 and 8i. While there are numerous books and papers on Data Warehousing with Oracle, they generally provide a 50,000 foot overview focusing on hardware and software architectures -- with some database design. This presentation provides the ground level, detailed recipe for successfully querying tables whose sizes exceed 500 million rows. Issues covered will include table and index designs, partitioning options, statistics and histograms, Oracle initialization parameters and star transformation explain plans. Attendees should be DBAs familiar with "Star Schema" database designs, have at least one years experience with Oracle 8.0, and some exposure to Oracle 8i. Optimizing Data Warehouse Loading via Parallelized Pro-C and SQL Attendees will learn optimal techniques for coding, monitoring and tuning parallel loading of Data Warehouses in Oracle 8.0 and 8i. While there are numerous books and papers on Data Warehousing with Oracle, they generally provide a 50,000 foot overview focusing on hardware and software architectures -- with some database design. This presentation provides the ground level, detailed recipe for high speed loading of tables whose sizes exceed 500 million rows. Issues covered will include database instance options, table and index designs, partitioning options, optimizer choices, plus Oracle initialization parameters. Attendees should be DBAs or senior developers familiar with Oracle 8.X, ProC and SMP or MPP UNIX environments.