NCM 107 NURSING LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT

ETHICS
Literally means custom or particular behavior Practical science dealing with the morality of the human acts or conduct It also shows the way to a right moral decision

JURISPRUDENCE theory & philosophy of law which aims to a.To understand the fundamental nature of the law & to analyze its purpose, structure & application b.Acquire a deeper meaning of the law, the kind of power that it exercises & its role in

LAW
A set of rules established by a governing power to guide actions, regulate conduct of the people & impose sanctions for violation or non-compliance thereof. No person is excused from noncompliance therewith even with by reason of ignorance.

Nursing law, jurisprudence & ethics are very vital components in the practice of the nursing profession because they serve as guides for satisfying both the human & health needs of the patients for total quality & efficient care & the professional needs of nurses for advancement, professionalism & autonomy. It assists nurses in the decision making process & protect them in the legal process.

3 impt. Legal principles in Nursing Professional Ethics AUTONOMY INFORMED CONSENT CONFIDENTIALITY

AUTONOMY Self governing It denotes having the freedom to make independent choices

INFORMED CONSENT
Means that the person understands fully the implications & consequences of having/ allowing or refusing a treatment. Basic elements of Informed Consent: a.Voluntary b.Legal capacity c.Sufficient understanding d.Enlightened decision

 One exception is in absolutely emergency cases. Another limitation to informed consent is when the patient is a minor or is incapacitated or afflicted with mental illness that could affect his judgment.

CONFIDENTIALITY
It means that nurses are prohibited to share the information they obtained from the patient in the process of nursing service unless it is in compliance with a higher duty such as preserving life, following

3 major approaches in Nursing Ethics

Deontological approach Ethical skepticism utilitarianism

DEONTOLOGICAL APPROACH Upholds the use of universal code & principle when making ethical decisions in nursing practice.

ETHICAL SKEPTICISM
Follows the principle of relativity in which ethical standards are considered not universal but are related to ones particular belief, culture, time and even individual ideology or persuasion.

UTILITARIANISM Espouses the practical approach to nursing ethics in which the ethical standards are based on the assessment of the costs and benefits of nursing action.

END JUSTIFIES THE MEAN ETHIC

It is a case of either good means, bad end or bad means, good end Human happiness. Considered are the nursing goals, the rights and beliefs of the patients, & the duties of the nurse.

2 PROFESSIONAL CODES:
1. CODE OF ETHICS consists of declaration of faith, beliefs & ideals which the profession upholds & the members conform to & follow. 2. CODE OF CONDUCT a paradigm of moral action or a framework of behavior. - it is a statement about how the profession considers its members should behave towards the client

1982 year when PNA unanimously approved its first Code of Ethics for Nurses March 21, 1984 - year when the PRCBON adopted the ICN Code of Ethics as an integral part of the Code of Ethics for Nurses in the Phil. October 18, 1989 Code of Ethics was amended and on the same date the said code was approved by the PRC

HISTORY OF THE CODE OF ETHICS IN THE PHILIPPINES

July 14, 2004 New Code of Ethics was finally promulgated.

Important features of the New Code of Ethics: 1.Adoption of the Code of Good governance 2.Recognition of the Patients Bill of Rights The most important articles of the New Code of Ethics: a.RN & people b.RN & practice c.RN & co-workers

RN & PEOPLE
Respect the values, customs & spiritual beliefs Respect individual freedom to make rational & unconstrained decisions Hold in strict confidence personal information acquired in the process of giving nursing care

RN & PRACTICE
Inviolability of human life Goal of quality & excellent patient care The accountability for accurate documentation of action & outcomes Advocates of patients by respecting the Patients Bill of Rights The awareness of the professional, ethical, moral & legal dimensions of their actions

RN & co-workers
In solidarity w/ other members of the health team for the best interest of the patient Maintain collegial & collaborative working relationships w/ colleagues & other health care providers

RN, SOCIETY & ENVIRONMENT

Preservation of life, respect for human rights & promotion of a healthy environment The establishment of linkages w/ the public in promoting local, national & international efforts to meet health & social needs of the

RN & THE PROFESSION

Maintenance of loyalty to the nursing profession Compliance w/ the by laws of the PNA Commitment to continual learning & active participation in the development & growth of the organization Contribution to the improvement of the socio-economic conditions

SANCTION
ANY VIOLATION OF ANY PROVISION OF THIS CODE & RA 9173 & ITS IRR, the certificate of registration of nurses is subject to suspension or revocation after due proceedings.

ICN Code of Ethics

4 fundamental responsibilities of Nurses: To promote health To prevent illness To restore illness To alleviate suffering

2 Impt Universal Principles in ICN preamble That the need for nursing is universal Respect for human rights is inherent in nursing

4 principal elements of ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses Nurses & people Nurses & practice Nurses & the profession Nurses & co-workers

ETHICO-LEGAL RIGHTS & DUTIES

EXCEPTIONS: 1.Right to appeal to conscience 2.Right to end suffering

5 CHRISTIAN HEALTH ETHICS PRINCIPLES

1.STEWARDSHIP 2.INVIOLABILITY OF HUMAN LIFE 3.TOTALITY 4.PRINCIPLE OF DOUBLE EFFECT 5.SEXUALITY AND

4 CHRISTIAN HEALTH MAXIMS 1.PRINCIPLE OF ORDINARY MEANS 2.PRINCIPLE OF SUBSIDIARITY 3.PRINCIPLE OF EPIKIA/EPIKEIA 4.PRINCIPLE OF