Prepared by: LLORERA, Daisyl Ann L.

BSN 3-1

 is actually a misnomer: these

clients do not lose their appetites. They still experience hunger but ignore it and signs of physical weakness and fatigue; they often believe that if they eat anything, they will not be able to stop eating and will become fat.

 is a life-threatening eating disorder

characterized by the clients refusal or inability to maintain a minimally normal body weight, intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, significantly disturbed perception of the shape or size of the body, and steadfast inability or refusal to acknowledge the seriousness of the problem or even that one exists (APA, 2000).

 Clients with anorexia have a body

weight that is 85% less than expected for their age and height, have experienced amenorrhea for at least three consecutive cycles, and have a preoccupation with food and foodrelated activities.

 Anorexia nervosa typically begins between 14 to 18

years of age. They are very pleased with their ability to control their weight and may express this. When they initially come for treatment, they may be unable to identify or to explain their emotions about life events such as school or relationships with family or friends. A profound sense of emptiness is common. As the illness progresses, depression and lability in mood become more apparent.

 As dieting and compulsive behaviors increase, clients

isolate themselves. These social isolation can lead to a basic mistrust of others and even paranoia. Clients may believe their peers are jealous of their weight loss and they believe that family and health care professionals are trying to make them fat and ugly

In the early stages, clients often

deny that they have anxiety regarding their appearance or a negative body image. They are very pleased with their ability to control their weight and may express this.

 When they initially come for

treatment, they may be unable to identify or to explain their emotions about life events such as school or relationships with family or friends.

 Clients with anorexia often are preoccupied with

food-related activities such as grocery shopping, collecting recipes or cookbooks, counting calories, creating fat-free meals, and cooking family meals. They also may engage in unusual or ritualistic food behaviours such as refusing to eat around others, cutting food into minute pieces, or not allowing the food they eat to touch their lips.

 In long-term studies of clients with anorexia nervosa,

Anderson and Yager (2005) reported that 30% were well 30% were partially improved, 30% were chronically ill, and 10% had died of anorexia-related causes. Clients with the lowest body weights and longest duration of illness intended to relapse most often and have the poorest outcomes. Clients who abuse laxatives are at a greater risk for medical complications.

Excessive exercise is

common; it may occupy several hours a day.

 In a long-term outcome study of clients with

anorexia nervosa, Zipfel, Lowe, Reas, Deter & Herzog (2000) found that after 21 years, 50% had recovered fully, 25% had intermediate outcomes, 10% still met all the criteria for anorexia nervosa, and 15% had died of anorexia-related causes. In another study, clients with the lowest body weights and longest durations of illness tended to relapse most often and have the poorest outcomes (Herzog, Dorer & Keel, 1999).

Clients who abuse laxatives are at

a greater risk for medical complications (Turner, Batik & Palmer, 2000).

 Fear of gaining weight or becoming fat even

when severely underweight Body image disturbance Amenorrhea Depressive symptoms such as depressed mood, social withdrawal, irritability, and insomnia Preoccupation with thoughts of food Feelings of ineffectiveness Inflexible thinking Strong need to control environment Limited spontaneity and overly restrained emo- tional expression

 Complaints of constipation and

abdominal pain Cold intolerance Lethargy Emaciation Hypotension, hypothermia, and bradycardia Hypertrophy of salivary glands Elevated BUN (blood urea nitrogen) Electrolyte imbalances Leukopenia and mild anemia Elevated liver function studies

 means consuming a large amount of food

(far greater than most people eat at one time) in a discrete period of usually 2 hours or less.

 the compensatory behaviours designed

to eliminate food by means of selfinduced vomiting or misuse of laxatives, enemas, and diuretics. Some clients with anorexia do not binge but still engage in purging behaviours after ingesting small amounts of food.

THANK YOU FOR LISTENING GOD BLESS