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Chapter 9 | Mobile GIS

Mobile GIS:

Internet GIS (pgs. 447-498)

Globalization in the palm of your hand. Real-time location solutions for a modern world.

Animated GIF of an Apple iPhone using Google Maps (http://maps.google.com) to reveal Starbucks locations in San Francisco, CA. This demo was rendered using screenshots of a promotional video, which is available on YouTube (www.youtube.com) and credited to Apples website.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-nFXBmBrUw
*Reproduced under the Creative Commons agreement.

Qs: Jacob Nakano: 1. Since the use of "smart" phones has increased, do you feel that mobile GIS applications will become something that everyone uses on a daily basis?

Elijah Robison | 1 April, 2008

Chapter 9 | Mobile GIS

Internet GIS (pgs. 447-498)

Five central themes dominate the chapters discussion of mobile GIS:


1) End Use Scenarios
- Business - Field Work - Location Based Services (LBS)
Qs: Jeremiah D. Jones: 1. What are five themes that dominate Mobile GIS.

2) The Wireless Environment (pre-2004)


- Devices in use - Evolution and operations of worldwide wireless networks

3) Overall System Architectures and Device Integration 4) A Survey of Existing Mobile GIS Programs 5) Real-World Applications of Mobile GIS
Pg. 449: Mobile GIS refers to the accesss and use of GIS data and functions through mobile and wireless devices such as laptops, PDAs, pocket PCs, and web-accessible smart phones.

Elijah Robison | 1 April, 2008

Chapter 9 | Mobile GIS

Internet GIS (pgs. 447-498)

Typical End Use of Mobile GIS Includes the following, and more.
Business Unsolicited interaction between wireless patrons in the field (i.e. potential customers), 3rd parties (ex. a restaurant owner), and web-based GIS data providers (ex. Google Maps). Field Work Real-time or temporal interaction between field technicians and their in-house operations. Through mobile GIS, field techs can receive priority work orders. Also, mobile GIS allows for simultaneous data collection and ground-truth confirmation, even streaming updates to enterprise datasets. Location Based Services (LBS) Realistically, LBS are the gamut of mobile GIS. They include simple consumeroriented data needs (i.e. locating restaurants, gas stations, residential addresses) as well as more serious community priorities related to emergency response. Right now fire (first responders), ambulance, and police personnel enjoy the most robust Mobile GIS deployments. Other examples can include online parcel tracking services offered by package handlers like FedEx and UPS, even pizza delivery.
Peng & Tsou: Pgs. 447-454 Elijah Robison | 1 April, 2008 Qs | Jeremiah D. Jones: 2. What are some typical end uses of Mobile GIS.

Chapter 9 | Mobile GIS

Internet GIS (pgs. 447-498)

The wireless environment includes hand-held devices, wireless networks and their protocols, and the Telecom Service Providers internet gateway solutions.
The individual devices being used for Mobile GIS and the evolution of the G2 and G3 telecom networks are of the most relevance to our discussion. Laptops, PDAs, Pocket PCs, and Smart Phones ..and GPS receivers.

By now, pop culture has familiarized most of us with these devices, but as I-GIS developers and application developers, certain complexities merit our greatest attention. The next couple slides will analyze them.

1. Screen Size, Input Methods, Processing Power, and Battery Life

2. Bandwidth and latency issues of Wireless Networks..

Elijah Robison | 1 April, 2008

Chapter 9 | Mobile GIS

Internet GIS (pgs. 447-498)

Wireless Environment | Devices: The not-so-good ol days..


At its inception, mobile GIS required linking laptops, PDAs, and pocket PCs to GPS receivers to require real-time lat/long position information. This approach was costly and cumbersome. It also involved handling two battery systems. Nevertheless, this original combination of mobile devices with GPS receivers paved the way for modern mobile GIS.

These days, two different methods allow for position acquisition by mobile devices: 1) integrated GPS receivers, and 2) cell-by-cell network triangulation.
Qs | Kapil: 1. What are the practical problems in implementing Mobile GIS? What do you think are some of the reasons that hinder the popularity of Mobile GIS? (Also, slide #8.)

Peng & Tsou: Pgs. 454-458, 462 Elijah Robison | 1 April, 2008

Chapter 9 | Mobile GIS

Internet GIS (pgs. 447-498)

Mobile devices provide tiny screen areas, limited input methods, low processing power, and finite battery life. My cell phone, and some specs to foster discussion of issues related to Mobile GIS. Notice that it can operate on multiple wavelengths, uses varied wireless protocols, has a JAVA-based operating system (its capable of running other applications written in the J2ME and J2EE environments), and a tiny 176 x 220 pixel screen area.

Elijah Robison | 1 April, 2008

Chapter 9 | Mobile GIS

Internet GIS (pgs. 447-498)

A look at a user interface (UI) I created in early 2008 using Adobes Flex Builder 3 framework. Aware that the UI needed to, at least, fit my own phone, I created it for 100 pixels x 144 pixels.

This is actual size (not counting projection). Notice that user controls are limited to check boxes and buttons. In practice, there simply wasnt room for textbased input. The large, unused area at the top holds a transparent image canvas (lines & columns), which I anticipated using for the drawn map.

QUESTION: Do you think this UI would scale very well on a different device with a different screen area??? (I doubt it would..)

I never actually wrote any code/logic for the UI, as I dont yet know the coldfusion syntax..

Elijah Robison | 1 April, 2008

Chapter 9 | Mobile GIS


Peng & Tsou: Pgs. 458-466

Internet GIS (pgs. 447-498)

Mobile GIS devices are thin clients, functionally speaking. Remember that for thin clients, the GIS server performs most processing functions.. www.fonemap.com www.fonemap.com isnt built, but, I own the domain. This is what it might look like occupying the screen area of my phone. This type of service would require most processing routines to be accomplished on the server, and due to the limitations of wireless networks (historically speaking, high latency and low bandwidth), the data exchange needs to be very lightweight, or lean. In other words, tiny, tiny files are returned to the client (the phone). This transitions into the next topic evolution of Wireless Networks.

Network Evolution
Wireless Internet is an arguable precondition for Mobile GIS, and its roots go back to the days of dialup internet. For dialup internet to perform, a voice quality line is necessary to cater the data transmission. In the early days of cell phone use, most networks could only support the lowest quality analog signal, this is the G1-rated network. Since then, networks have upgraded bandwidth allotment to their individual cells (i.e. towers) and converted from analog to packet switched (i.e. digital) systems, allowing greater data exchange and improved fault tolerance. In many regards, these G2 networks are still widely deployed, especially in rural areas. Even more recently, again, more bandwidth as been added, and frame size has been increased (i.e. larger data packets). When our text was being written, this evolution was merely perceived, but at present, it is the reality. This minor upgrade to the G2 network has been coined G2 . The powerful Apple iPhone using Google maps (including the raster satellite imagery) is a perfect example of a modern device taking advantage of the G2 system. The next phase is G3, which is equivalent to modern day wired broadband. G3 incorporates a wider radio frequency spectrum and takes advantage of even greater frame sizes, which are possible using the octal system, rather than a binary system. Maybe the most significant modification of G3 is its support for TCP/IP (internet protocols). In some metro areas, G3-rated networks are already operational. Japan specifically has been at the forefront of G3 development and deployment.
Elijah Robison | 1 April, 2008

Chapter 9 | Mobile GIS


Peng & Tsou: Pg. 457

Internet GIS (pgs. 447-498)

http://www.al911.org/wireless/triangulation_location.htm

Using the known speed of radio signals, the distance from receivers can be calculated. It takes at least three and preferably four to get a good location.

Position-Determining
In my understanding, cell-by-cell triangulation was first exploited to assist rescue workers, and it requires a degree of cooperation from wireless network providers to derive. Interestingly enough, triangulation is an original byproduct of the cellular infrastructure, because user positions must be known in order to manage signal handoff between towers a basic and automated function of these networks.
source: http://www.dailywireless.org/2006/12/08/cellular-triangulation/ Triangulation Method - original diagram

There is an ongoing debate about the ethics (ex. violation of privacy), related to a corporation or another individual having immediate access to ones exact lat/long location. It seems, however, that some wireless providers might be offering this service, disclaimers aside, as a value-add.

Elijah Robison | 1 April, 2008

Chapter 9 | Mobile GIS

Internet GIS (pgs. 447-498)

Introduces Latency

Qs | Lucas Rengstorf: 3. What hardware and software are needed for position-determination? Are accuracies for this better in some areas than others?

(Also, return to slide #9)

Typical I-GIS, sans wireless

Peng & Tsou: Pgs. 478-480

Elijah Robison | 1 April, 2008

Chapter 9 | Mobile GIS


Qs | Jacob Nakano: 2. The book did not talk much about the use of Wi-Fi. Do you think improved Wi-Fi networks will help evolve or increase the use of mobile GIS. (Return to slide #8)

Internet GIS (pgs. 447-498)

Qs | Lucas Rengstorf: 5. Has mobile GIS and its ability to make real-time changes to data had significant influences on the management of utilities? A: For government sector uses, Mobile GIS has had the greatest benefit to rescue workers. In the private sector, my educated guess is that package handling is benefitting from, or at least experimenting with, these systems. Also, I believe large utility companies are able to manage maintenance routines in real-time. The public sector is the last to get onboard, but inevitably, public sector solutions will likely eclipse both government and private sector uses. Consider a world where every vehicle on the road was tracked in real-time. Car thieves would have to become hackers..

Qs | Kapil: 3. What is the major difference would b/w GPS systems in cars and Mobile GIS systems? Are they the same? A: GPS in cars is Mobile GIS in action.

Qs | Lucas Rengstorf: 1. In the future, will mobile GIS be more applicable for navigation or time-crucial field data collection? A: Probably equal significance, but more economic impact on the consumer market because it is so much larger. Answer-in-question: Do you think it is ethicallyresponsible to have a cellular microchip inserted into a child at birth? Automated systems could track lost children in real-time, but what might be the reversals of such a system?

Elijah Robison | 1 April, 2008

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