Dr.

MSK

1. Fracture of the crown of the adjacent tooth or luxation of the adjacent tooth 2. Soft tissue injuries 3. Fracture of the alveolar process 4. Fracture of the maxillary tuberosity 5. Fracture of the mandible

6. Broken instrument in tissues 7. Dislocation of the temporomandibular joint

8. Subcutaneous or submucosal emphysema

9. Hemorrhage 10. Displacement of the root or root tip into soft tissues

11. Displacement of an impacted tooth, root or root tip into the maxillary sinus 12. Oroantral communication 13. Nerve injury

1. Trismus 2. Hematoma 3. Edema 4. Post extraction granuloma

5. Painful post extraction socket 6. Fibrinolytic alveolitis (dry socket) 7. Infection of wound 8. Disturbances in postoperative wound healing

Perioperative Complications

Postoperative Complications

Heat therapy, i.e., hot compresses are placed extraorally for approximately 20 min every hour until symptoms subside Gentle massage of the temporomandibular joint area Administration of analgesics, anti inflammatory and muscle relaxant medication

Physiotherapy lasting 35 min every 34 h, which includes movements of opening and closing the mouth, as well as lateral movements, aimed at increasing the extent of mouth opening

Administration of sedatives [bromazepam (Lexotanil): 1.53 mg, twice daily], for management of stress, which worsens while trismus persists, leading to an increase of muscle spasmin the areament of trismus

This is a quite frequent postoperative complication due to prolonged capillary hemorrhage ,when the correct measures for control of bleeding are not taken (ligation of small vessels, etc.).

Depending on the operation, the hematoma may be submucosal, subperiosteal, intramuscular or fascial.

It is the result of extravasation of fluid by the traumatized tissues because of destruction or obstruction of lymph vessels, resulting in the cessation of drainage of lymph, which accumulates in the tissues.

Swelling reaches a maximum within 4872 h after the surgical procedure and begins to subside on the third or fourth day postoperatively.

Clinically, the edema is characterized by smooth, pale, and taut skin

This complication occurs 45 days after the extraction of the tooth and is the result of the presence of a foreign body in the alveolus, e.g., amalgam remnants, bone chips, small tooth fragments, calculus, etc.

This is a common complication, which occurs immediately after the anesthetic wears off. It occurs mainly at the postextraction wound of mandibular posterior teeth, although maxillary posterior teeth may also be involved

The uneven bone edges injure the soft tissues of the postextraction socket, resulting in severe pain and inflammation at the extraction site

The alveolus is filled with a blood clot that becomes organized for postextraction healing, but not for development of epithelium that will cover the wound.

The use of infected instruments and disposable materialsduring the surgical procedure. A septic substrate over which the surgical procedure is performed

Defective bone substrate secondary to diseases of the skeletal system (osteopetrosis), and radiotherapy of the jaw and facial area.

Systemic diseases which lead to increased susceptibility to infection (e.g., leukemia, agranulocytosis), as well as those diseases whose therapy causes immunosuppression.

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