THE BASICS OF COMPUTER HARDWARE

What is COMPUTER?

Why COMPUTERS are invented?

What have you observed with the computer nowadays?

The computer is very powerful and useful that they make our life very convenient and comfortable.

Cite examples of how computers being use today.

But, what the computer can really do?

Four simple tasks that can computer can do

1. 2. 3. 4.

Receive an input Process information Produce output Store information

Why they can accomplish such tremendous task?

It is MADE by MAN.

Mans boundless creativity and brilliance are driving forces that power-up this computer; and they express it in terms of PROGRAMS.

Program - set of commands or instructions for a computer to follow Software - end-product

Hardware Components

Input Devices Output Devices Microprocessors

-used in processing information such as performing arithmetic computations and making decisions based on given choices or alternatives -also called the Central Processing Unit

Storage Devices
-used for storing information
Computers Memory 1. RAM (Random Access Memory) -temporary storage 2. ROM (Read-Only Memory) -permanent storage

History of Computer Hardware Revolution

Osborne I
-first portable computer was introduced -has two floppy drives and no hard disk - has pre-installed software > CP/M (Controlled Processor for Microcomputer) {Operating System} > word-processing (WordStar) > spreadsheet (SuperCalc)

Disk Operating System (DOS)

-first IBM PC operating system introduced by IBM Corporation provided by Microsoft Corporation - Speed (4.77 MHz) - 16 KB of RAM with two floppy disk drives - 8-bit microprocessor (model # 8088) developed and designed by Intel Corporation

Xerox Corporation introduces Xerox Star computer with the use of mouse. This is the first time, the mouse is used as an input device and as an alternative (partially) to the keyboard for navigation of the PCs screen

Sun Microsystem, Inc. was established (founded) and introduces its first workstation called Sun 1. Intel Corporation introduces its 16-bit 80286 microprocessor

Compaq computer company releases the first successful 100 percent IBM-PC compatible

Intel Corporation introduces its 32-bit 80386 microprocessor. Hewlett-Packard releases the LaserJet leaser printer with its main feature is a 300 dpi resolution

IBM corporation introduces its first laptop computer CD-ROM technology is being introduced as a promising storage device in an international conference held in Seattle, Washington, USA.

The Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus design is introduced by a group of independent computer manufacturers to compete with IBMs proprietary bus design the Micro-Channel architecture (MCA)

Video Graphics Array (VGA) -an interface card introduced by IBM corporation that offers 256 colors at 320x200 resolution HP Deskjet -first ink jet printer released by Hewlett-Packard (HP) corporation

Next Inc. a company established by Steve Jobs after he left the Apple Computer company which he co-founded, introduces the first PC to use Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in its operating system and uses CD-ROM drive instead of a floppy disk.

PowerBook - a laptop computer introduced by Apple Computer Apple Computer together with IBM and Motorola companies design and produce a RISCbased (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) chips, object oriented operating system, and develop common multimedia standards. Their collaborative efforts resulted to the invention of the microprocessor called PowerPC.

The IBM corporation releases their ThinkPad laptop computer

The IBM corporation introduces its first RISCbased workstation, the RS/6000, powered by the PowerPC 601 microprocessor

Apple Computer follows IBM by introducing its own RISC-based computer powered by PowerPC microprocessor chip.

Intel corporation introduces the Pentium microprocessor. Power 100

- first-ever Apple-Macintosh clones released by Power Computing company

Palm Pilot - introduced by US Robotics >the start of the world-renowned Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Sun Ultra -first workstation with 64-bit micro-processor introduced by Sun Microsystem.

Pentium II microprocessor -introduced by Intel Corporation >introduced MMX (Multi-Media Extension) technology that increases the multimedia capabilities of the designed microprocessor.

Digital Video Disc (DVD) technology was introduced in the market, which has more storage capacity than the VCD technology. The DVD is predicted to become the standard CD-ROM technology in PC and home entertainment systems, (replacing the VCD), such as used in our TV and stereo players.

Pentium II Celeron microprocessor - released by Intel Corporation - offers slower performance but with reduced price - ideal for home-user or for companies whose users do not need a fast PC. -Intel Corp. names their new Pentium II as Xenon which is designed for high performance network serves and workstations used by companies or universities who need fast PCs

iMac - introduced by Apple Computer - its feature the new G3 microprocessor and USB connections but without a floppy disk drive. -its microprocessor is more faster than Intels Pentium II

Pentium III microprocessor - released by Intel which features an enhancements for Websites graphics application. Athlon microprocessor -introduced by Advance Micro Devices (AMD) Corp., a premier competitor of Intel Corp., that competes with Pentium IIIs Xenon and Celeron market

iMac computer with a G4 microprocessor - released by Apple Computer - faster than Intels Pentium III or AMDs Athlon microprocessor

Both AMD and Intel Corp. announced to release the worlds first microprocessor to run in 1 GHz speed.

iPod - introduced by Apple computer - first music player with an internal 5GB mass storage device that can store 1,000 CD songs
Categories of Apple iPod a. iPod Shuffle smaller one with 1GB capacity b. iPod Nano 8GB capacity c. iPod Video 160 capacity

The Ipod Shuffle was designed and introduced to the market late, compared to the Nano and Video version.

Another supercomputer was created by Mike Showerman and Craig Steffen. It can perform 6.5 billion mathematical operations per second and it uses Linux as its operating system. Intel and AMD release its respective 64-bit microprocessor, as well as Apple Computer with their Power Macintosh a G5-64 bit microprocessor

Wireless Technology -the emergence of the Intel Centrino technology for laptop computers -this means that you can surf the Internet with your Laptop without wires. Bringing Laptop to Starbucks and Robinsons Shopping Center, will give you a free access to the Internet connection.

The Bluetooth-enabled devices allow sharing of text, pictures, videos, music or files, across a broad range of devices such as on your cell-phone, PDA, or iPod The Intels dual core processors (also known as Core Duo) are hot in the market

Intels Core 2 Duo - the emerging microprocessor technology in the market - it boasts an increase of 40% more performance to its predecessor, the Core Duo microprocessor

Intels Quad Core is now in the market for Desktop computers.