Military Decision Making Process (MDMP) : Home of The Professionals

MILITARY DECISION MAKING PROCESS (MDMP)
REF: 7-10, 7-20, 101-5, 101-5-1
HOME OF THE PROFESSIONALS
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SCOPE
INTRO (C2) TLP REVIEW MDMP
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COMMAND & CONTROL PROCESS (C2)
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DEFINITION
WHAT IS COMMAND? It is an authority that a commander in the military service lawfully exercises over his subordinates by virtue of his rank or assignment.
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DEFINITION
WHAT IS CONTROL? - It is the exercise of authority & is the counterpart of command. - It may also mean supervision of the operation while ensuring all systems & activities are synchronized
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DEFINITION
COMMAND & CONTROL PROCESS?
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DEFINITION
COMMAND & CONTROL PROCESS is the process through which the activities of the military forces are
directed, coordinated, and controlled
to accomplish the mission.
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REVIEW
COMMAND & CONTROL SYSTEM
Facilities Equipment Communications Procedures Personnel
Essential for the Commander for Planning, Directing, Controlling Operations to accomplish the Assigned Mission/Task
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COMMAND & CONTROL PROCESS ENDSTATE

all systems must work together
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TROOP LEADING PROCEDURE (a review)
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TROOP LEADING PROCEDURE

Process a leader goes through to prepare his unit to accomplish a tactical mission Comprises Eight (8) steps
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EIGHT STEPS OF TLP

R - RECEIVE THE MISSION I - ISSUE WARNORD M - MAKE TENTATIVE PLAN I - INITIATE MOVEMENT C - CONDUCT RECON C - COMPLETE THE PLAN I - ISSUE THE ORDER S - SUPERVISE
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PURPOSE OF TLP
To ensure that the leader makes the best use of time, equipment and personnel in accomplishing the mission.
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TROOP LEADING PROCEDURE

RECEIVE THE MISSION ISSUE WARNING ORDER MAKE TENTATIVE PLAN INITIATE MOVEMENT
INITIAL MXN ANALYSIS
INITIAL TIMELINE
TIME
MISSION TIME: NET/ AT/ NLT 1/3 2/3 RULE: Issue OPORD NLT 1/3 of Mission Time
PURPOSE: Mission, Intent, Concept 2 levels Up TASK: Specified, Implied, Essential CONSTRAINTS: Require or Prohibit Actions RESTATED MXN: T&P w/ 5 Ws (Para 2)
MISSION
5 PARA OPORD FORMAT
DETAILED MXN ANALYSIS
TERRAIN & WEATHER
COA DEVT. A Analyze

Relative Combat Power G Generate Options A Array Initial Forces D Develop Scheme of Maneuver A Assign C2 P Prepare COA Statement & Sketch
EFFECTS OF TERRAIN OBSTACLES: Existing & Reinforcing/ Unrestricted, Restricted, Severely Restricted AVENUES OF APPROACH: Air, Mounted, Dismounted KEY TERRAIN: What significantly affects the mission OBSERVATION & FIELDS OF FIRE COVER & CONCEALMENT & EFFECTS OF WEATHER - Who is he? - What is he doing? - Where did he come from? - Where is he? COMPOSITION: - W hat is/are his orgn/equipment? STRENGTH: - How many? Troops/Equipment CAP: - What is he able to do? (by BOS) COA: - How will he use his troops/equipment? (Use AGADAP) DISPOSITION:
ENEMY
I P B
CONDUCT RECON
COMPLETE THE PLAN ISSUE OPORD SUPERVISE & REHEARSE
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COA ANALYSIS
TROOPS CIVIL
What do I have? Array forces 2 levels down Civilians on the battlefield Media on the Battlefield Civil Authorities Non-Governmwnt Organizations
SUMMARY OF MXN ANALYSIS

RESTATED MISSION INITIAL CDRS INTENT INITIALRISK ASSESSMENT TENTATIVE DP
COA COMPARISON
WARGAME AGAINST ENEMY CONCEPT ( Method: Box, Belt, Avenue in Depth) ENHANCES SYNCHRONIZATION & FOCUS
COA SELECTION/ DECISION
ADVANTAGES/ DISADVANTAGES COA COMPARED TO SELECTED CRITERIA
QUESTIONS
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MILITARY DECISION MAKING PROCESS
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MILITARY DECISION-MAKING PROCESS

Used to make decisions it is dynamic (TLP) Is an adaptation of the Armys analytical approach to problem solving Is a tool that assists the commander & staff in developing estimates & plans It requires full coordination bet commander and his staff It begins and ends with the commander
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1. RECEIVE THE MISSION
2. MISSION ANALYSIS
3. COA DEVELOPMENT 4. COA ANALYSIS (WARGAME) 5. COA COMPARISON 6. COA DECISION/APPROVAL 7. ORDERS PRODUCTION
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1. RECEIVE THE MISSION
WARNORD #1 STAFF ESTIMATES S1- PERSONNEL ESTIMATE S2- SITUATION TEMPS/IPB/PIR S3- MISSION ANALYSIS S4- LOGISTICS ESTIMATE WARNORD #2
FACTS & ASSUMPTIONS
2. MISSION ANALYSIS
CDR'S GUIDANCE
MISSION ANALYSIS BRIEF
CDR'S RESTATED MISSION
3. COA DEVELOPMENT A Analyze Relative Combat Power G Generate Options A Array Initial Forces D Develop Scheme of Maneuver A Assign C2 P Prepare COA Statements & Sketches
SUPERVISION/ HOME OF THE PROFESSIONALS REHEARSAL
4. COA ANALYSIS (WARGAME) 6. COA DECISION

DECISION BRIEF
COA BRIEF
5. COA COMPARISON
WARNORD #3
CDR'S GUIDANCE
DECISION APPROVE/MODIFY FINALIZE PLAN

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7. ORDERS PRODUCTION
OPORD BRIEF
STEP 1: RECEIPT OF MISSION

Receipt of oral or written orders from higher HQ In WARNORD, OPORD, FRAGO form Conduct initial mission analysis Determine TASK Determine PURPOSE Determine COMDRS INTENT Make initial Timeline
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Where will I get it?

TASK & PURPOSE para 3 a 1 (Maneuver para of OPORD) COMMANDERs INTENT para 3 (Execution, before concept of operation)
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INITIAL TIMELINE
You may do the backward planning: from mission time (Attack Time or Defend Time) back to receipt of OPORD Consider the TIMINGs in the Coordinating Instructions
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INITIAL TIMELINE
RECEIVED ORDER
ISSUE COY OPORD EENT BMNT EENT
DEFEND NLT
BMNT
BN MOVEMENT REHEARSAL
011200
011230
011400
011800
012000
020600
022000
030600
TOTAL TIME AVAILABLE:
42 HOURS
1/3 - 2/3 RULE : 1/3 = NLT 02 0200H (ISSUANCE OF COY OPORD) DUE TO LIMITED VISIBILITY : 0200H IS NOT PRACTICAL YOU MAY ISSUE OPORD INSTEAD AT 1900H
= LIMITED VISIBILITY
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2. ISSUE WARNING ORDER

Try to immediately issue WO to lower units No specific format; but 5 paragraph OPORD format may be used Situation Mission Execution Service Support Command & Signal
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WARNORD #1
5 Para OPORD Format covering:
- Enemy & Friendly Situation, TO - Battalion Mission - Expected Company Tasks - Method of Movement - Area of Operation/Objective - Tentative Timeline - Additional Information
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QUESTIONS
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STEP 2: MISSION ANALYSIS
STEP 1: STEP 2: STEP 3: STEP 4: STEP 5: STEP 6: STEP 7: STEP 8: STEP 9: STEP 10: STEP 11: STEP 12: STEP 13: STEP 14: STEP 15: STEP 16: STEP 17:
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Analyze higher order Conduct initial IPB Determine Specified & Implied Tasks Review available assets Determine Constraints ID critical facts/assumptions Conduct Risk Assessment Determine initial CCIR Determine initial R&S Plan Plan use of time Write Restated Mission Conduct Mission Analysis Brief Approve Restated Mission Develop initial CDRs Intent Issue CDRs Guidance Issue WARNORD # 2 Review facts/assumptions
MISSION ANALYSIS (TM-TET-C)

TIME ANALYSIS ANALYSIS OF MISSION TERRAIN & WEATHER ANALYSIS ENEMY ANALYSIS TROOP ANALYSIS CIVIL CONSIDERATIONS
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TIME ANALYSIS Refines allocation of time How much time is available 1/3 2/3 Rule
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TIME ANALYSIS
GOAL is to determine the useable time available to both you and your subordinates. Consider Critical Times such as: - CROSSING OF LD - ASSAULT TIME - DEFEND NLT - HIGHER REHEARSAL - RECON - BEGIN/CONDUCT MVT. - LIMITED VISIBILITY
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TIME ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE

RECEIVED ORDER
ISSUE COY OPORD EENT BMNT EENT
DEFEND NLT
BMNT
BN MOVEMENT REHEARSAL
011200
011230
011400
011800
012000
020600
022000
030600
TOTAL TIME: MOVEMENT BN REHEARSAL CO ROCK DRILL REHEARSE EA KEY LDR TRAVEL TO CO EVENTS LIM VIS DEGRADATION
42 HOURS 2 HOURS 1 HOUR 1 HOUR 1 HOUR 2 HOURS 8 HOURS (40% BASED ON ILLUM OF 80%) 27 HOURS
1/3 - 2/3 = CO OPORD NLT 012100 MAY ISSUE OPORD AT 011900H

MINUS
AVAILABLE TIME:
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TIME ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE

(Parallel Planning)
ENEMY RECON EENT BMNT ENEMY PREP FIRES EENT BMNT
ENY
BN ISSUANCE OF ORDER
BN REHEARSAL
EENT
BMNT
EENT
BMNT
1UP
DEFEND NLT
BMNT EENT BMNT
MOVEMENT
ISSUE COY OPORD EENT
OWN
011200 011230 011400 011800 012000 020600 022000 030600
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ANALYSIS OF MISSION
Understand Purpose of Bn Mission (Mission, Concept, Intent 2 levels up) Determine Tasks (Specified, Implied, Essential) Constraints (require or prohibit actions) Restated Mission T&P w/ 5 Ws
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ANALYSIS OF MISSION
(Understand Purpose of Coy Mission, Concept & Intent 2 Up)
X T: DESTROY ME P: Prevent enemy from seizing X-site
2 LEVELS UP
II T: BLOCK SE2 P: Prevent enemy from bypassing ME
II T: DISRUPT SE1 P: Prevent enemy from massing on ME
II T: DESTROY ME P: Prevent enemy from seizing X-site
1 LEVEL UP
T: DESTROY SE1 P: Prevent enemy from enveloping ME from SE
T: DESTROY SE2 P: Prevent enemy from enveloping ME from NW
T: BLOCK ME P: Prevent enemy from bypassing BDE ME
UNIT LEVEL
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ANALYSIS OF MISSION:
Determine Tasks:
Specified directed by higher HQ or those stated in the OPORD Implied not stated in the OPORD but must be executed to accomplish the specified tasks Essential specified tasks that must be accomplished for the higher unit to be successful in achieving its mission
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Understand Constraints:
Those that require action ex. maintain platoon in reserve Those that prohibit action ex. do not cross phase line Bull until authorized
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Prepare Mission Statement: WHO WHAT mission essential task WHEN taken from the OPORD WHERE Obj area or defense location WHY rationale (purpose) for the task taken from Concept of Operation of Para 3 of higher OPORD
Ex. 43IB, 803BDE, SE1, attacks in zone at 010200 May 09 to seize OBJ DOG (TT615243) in order to prevent enemy forces from enveloping into the BDEs main effort from the southeast.
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QUESTIONS
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TERRAIN ANALYSIS
Obstacles existing & reinforcing
(Restricted, Severely Restricted, Unrestricted)
Avenues of Approach
(Air, Mounted, Dismounted)
Key Terrain Observation & Fields of Fire Cover & Concealment
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WEATHER ANALYSIS
Light Data (BMNT, EENT, moonrise or set) Precipitation Temperature and humidity Wind speed & direction Visibility
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ENEMY ANALYSIS Understand IPB Enemy Disposition Enemy Composition & Strength Enemy Capabilities by BOS Enemy COA
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TROOP ANALYSIS Determine combat power of own force Array initial forces 2 levels down Array available assets/firepower Determine status of soldiers & equipment
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CIVIL ANALYSIS Civilians on the battlefield Media on the Battlefield Civil Authorities Non-Governmental Organizations
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QUESTIONS
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SUMMARY of MISSION ANALYSIS

Derive the following: Restated Mission (determined already) Initial Commanders Intent (w/ respect to Enemy, Terrain, End-state) Initial Risk Assessment (Tactical & Accidental Risks) Tentative Decisive Point
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Derive the Initial Commanders Intent:
Clear & concise statement of what the forces must do with respect to:
ENEMY
TERRAIN DESIRED END-STATE Does not include the method (how) by which the
force will get from its current state to the end state
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EX. COMMANDERS INTENT

In relation to Enemy:
All enemy forces at OBJ BULL destroyed Enemy forces fixed in EA DOG Enemy recon forces destroyed prior to reaching PL FISH Company controls west side of Taclang-Damulag NLT XX Company reaches PL DOG NLT XX
In relation to Terrain: In relation to Desired Endstate:

Company in defensive posture NLT XX, able to destroy en counter attack along AA RED 52IB passed through CP2 without significant delay
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Also derive the following: Initial Risk Assessment Tactical due to enemy presence Accidental other than tactical Tentative Decisive Point a point, if retained provides a marked advantage; usually geographic in nature/ physical elements; a time or location where enemy weakness is positioned that allows overwhelming combat power to be generated against it
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DECISIVE POINT
Is where the unit will mass the effects of overwhelming combat power to achieve result with respect to terrain, enemy, & time that will accomplish the units purpose.
DP
ME
I T: P:
SE1
T: P:
SE2
T: P:
SE3
T: P:
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STEP 2: MISSION ANALYSIS Specified and Implied Tasks Mission Essential Tasks Constraints Recommended CCIR Assets available
All Staff Officers
Maintenance status Forecasted veh/weapons status Supply status Transportation available
S-4
- Status of org/attached units - Forcasted personnel status - Surgical-Medical assets avail Ref:
S-1
- Commo maintenance status - Higher HQ signal plan
Sig-O FSO
Initial IPB Battlefield environment Describe battlefield effects Evaluate the threat Current combat power Current situation of sub units Status of current task org MSN and Intent - 2 levels up
S-2
Fire spt capabilities Recommended FS tasks HVT by critical events IPB, target value analysis
S-3
- Terrain analysis support - Capabilities of Engineer units

- Current C2 - ADW/WCS HOME OF THE PROFESSIONALS - ADA coverage available
Engr-O ADO
STEP 2: MISSION ANALYSIS MISSION ANALYSIS BRIEF S3/XO: - SET-UP S3: - MISSION & INTENT (2 UP) S2: - INITIAL IPB - INITIAL HVTs - INITIAL EVENT TEMPLATE - INITIAL R & S PLAN S3: - CURRENT TASK ORG - CURRENT SECURITY PLAN - SPEC / IMPL TASKS - CONSTRAINTS - HAZARDS - RESTATED MISSION - I NITIAL COLLECTION PLAN FSO: - ASSETS AVAILABLE EN: - CONTRAINTS , ASSETS ADO: - RESTRICTIONS / CAPABILITIES S1/S4: - PERS. STAT / CRITICAL SPLY XO: - PROPOSED OPS/PLNG TIMELINE
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RECEIVE CDRS GUIDANCE

WARNORD #2
- TO: Attachments & Detachments - Situation: Enemy & Friendly - Mission - Execution: Bn Cdrs Intent & Purpose of Fires - Specific Instructions - Service Support (Concept of Support) - Command & Signal
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QUESTIONS
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STEP 3: COA DEVELOPMENT

Step 1. Analyze relative combat power.
Step 2. Generate conceptual possibilities. Step 3. Array initial forces. Step 4. Develop the scheme of maneuver. Step 5. Assign HQs
Step 6. Prepare COA statements and sketches.

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COA DEVELOPMENT
Develop at least 2 COAs
Doctrinally, a legitimate COA must be:
Suitable Feasible Acceptable Distinguishable Complete
Six-step Technique - AGADAP

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1. RELATIVE COMBAT POWER ANALYSIS (RCPA)

Analyze relative combat power: ...An estimate of the general overall relationship of the combat power of his forces to that of the enemy forces, including significant strengths and weaknesses.
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COA DEVELOPMENT (AGADAP)

ANALYZE RELATIVE COMBAT POWER
Determine Enemy & Friendly Strengths & Weaknesses w/ respect to: Maneuver Firepower Protection Leadership Deductions
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Elements of Combat Power:

Maneuver movement of combat forces to
gain positional advantage
be delivered
Firepower the amount of fire that may Protection conserves fighting potential of
the force so commanders can apply it to decisive point in time and space officers and NCOs
Leadership competent and confident
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RCPA
Goal is to apply friendly strengths against enemy vulnerabilities
FRIENDLY
STRENGTH
ENEMY
WEAKNESS STRENGTH WEAKNESS STRENGTH WEAKNESS STRENGTH WEAKNESS STRENGTH
GENERAL FACTORS
MWEAKNESS
F WEAKNESS P WEAKNESS
STRENGTH STRENGTH STRENGTH
L WEAKNESS
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2. GENERATE OPTIONS
Brainstorming is the preferred technique. - requires time, imagination, and creativity, but it produces the widest range of options. The staff first determines the Decisive Point.
- this is where the unit will mass the effects of overwhelming combat power to achieve a result with respect to terrain, enemy, and time that will accomplish the units purpose.
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GENERATE OPTIONS
Determine Decisive Point Determine Tasks & Purposes of Main Effort & Supporting Efforts
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DECISIVE POINT
A point, usually geographical in nature, that when retained provides a commander with a marked advantage over his opponent. (Def Ops) (FM 100-5, Pg.. G-2) Allows us to focus the effects of our combat power (FM 7-10, Pg.. 2-25) Each COA should be developed starting at a potential decisive point (FM 7-10, Pg.. 2-25)
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DECISIVE POINT
(CONT)
Different COAs may focus on potentially different DPs (FM 7-20, Pg.. 2-16), but at the tactical level there should be only one DP in order to maintain focus. The main effort is usually applied at the Decisive Point. Action at the Decisive Point creates the conditions necessary for mission success.
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DP & MAIN EFFORT

Main effort is tasked towards the Decisive Point
DP
ME
I
T: P:
SE1
T: P:
SE2
T: P:
SE3
T: P:
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3. ARRAY INITIAL FORCES

Planners determine the ratio of friendly to enemy
units required for each task, starting with the ME and continuing through all SE/s. (consider the entire BF framework, including close, deep, rear, reserve, recon and scty opns.) Planners normally array ground forces 2 levels down. The initial array focuses on generic ground maneuver units without regard to specific type or TO, and then considers all combat multipliers, as appropriate.
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ARRAY INITIAL FORCES
Determine specific number of platoons & weapons to accomplish each task Allocate resources required for the main effort & then the supporting efforts in descending order of importance
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4. DEVELOP THE SCHEME OF MANEUVER

Describes how arrayed forces will accomplish the commanders intent. It is the central expression of the commanders concept for operations and governs the design of supporting plans or annexes.
During this step, units are converted from generic to specific types of units, such as armor, light infantry, and mech infantry.
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DEVELOP SCHEMES OF MANEUVER
Describe how the COA is unfolding from the start to its conclusion or end-state Determine the bests ways to use the terrain Determine how to best employ the units strengths against the enemys weaknesses Develop maneuver control measures
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5. ASSIGN HEADQUARTERS
Planners assign HQs to grouping of forces, creating a TO. This assignment should consider the types of units to be assigned to a HQs and its span of control.
A HQs controls at least two subordinate maneuver units, but not more than five.
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ASSIGN HEADQUARTERS
Assign specific subordinate elements as main & supporting efforts Provide adequate command and control of each element
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6. PREPARE COA STATEMENTS AND SKETCHES

The COA statement must clearly portray how the unit will accomplish the mission and explain the scheme of maneuver. The sketch provides a picture of the maneuver aspects of the COA.
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PREPARE COA STATEMENTS & SKETCHES
Focus on all significant actions from start of the COA to finish Whenever possible, prepare a sketch showing each COA
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COA STATEMENT FORMAT

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. DECISIVE POINT (DP) REASON FOR BEING A DP FORM OF MANEUVER TASK & PURPOSE OF ME (Generic) TASK & PURPOSES OF SEs (Generic) PURPOSES OF COMBAT SUPPORT UNITS/ASSETS 7. END-STATE
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EXAMPLE COA SKETCH

ASSLT PSN ORP OBJ BOX
DOA BLUE
OBJ TOOL
325 2 X 60 mm 1 455
LD ATK PSN
LD
Legend 1st Event 2d Event 3d Event 4th Event (Main Attack)

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QUESTIONS
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STEP 4 ANALYZE COA (WARGAME)
Friendly COA against Enemy MPCOA

How the fight will take place Where risks are taken Where decisions are required Helps determine advantages & disadvantages
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ANALYZE COA
Method: Action, Reaction, Counter-action Techniques: Box Belt Avenue in Depth Done for each COA FM 7-10
Pg.. 2-26
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ANALYSIS OF COA
WARGAME THE FF COA AGAINST EN COA
Box Technique - specific area of battlefield Belt Technique - divide COA into phases Avenue in Depth Technique - along one avenue of approach at a time
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STEP 5: COMPARE COAs

SIGNIFICANT FACTORS: Factors that are unique to the success of a particular operation. Derived from relative combat power analysis Evaluation criteria for COA selection 3-5 Significant factors necessary for comparison
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FM 7-10 HOME OF THE PROFESSIONALS Pg.. 2-31
DECISION MATRIX (SAMPLE)

COAs Factor
COA #1
COA #2
COA #3
Completes action at DP early Enemy reacting to our will Achieves tactical surprise Soldiers load
Total
+ +
0
+ + +
2
+ -2
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DECISION MATRIX (SAMPLE)

COAs Factors
WT
COA #1
COA #2
COA #3
Principles of War Battlefield Operating System Elements of Combat Power Soldiers Load
.40
.25 .15 .20 1.00
1
2 3 2
2
1 1 3
3
3 2 1
Total GOOD - 1 BETTER - 2 BEST - 3
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COA COMPARISON
COMPARE COAs WEIGH THE :
Advantages Disadvantages Strengths Weaknesses
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COA APPROVAL
COMDR WILL DECIDE:
WHICH FRIENDLY COA WILL BE CONSIDERED (CHANGED OR MODIFIED) EN MPCOA - CONFIRMED OR MAKE ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS HVTs PIRs/IRs
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COA/DECISION BRIEFING
S3/XO - SET UP S3 - MSN/INTENT (2 UP) - RESTATED MSN - Update Time Analysis S2 - UPDATE IPB (Weather, Enemy Sit, EMPCOA as needed) S3 - ASSUMPTIONS - BRIEF COAs - GENERIC TASK ORG, COA STATEMENT & SKETCH - ADVANT/DISADVANT OF EACH COA - RECOMMEND COA
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CDR MAKES DECISION, ISSUES GUIDANCE, & IMPROVES/ ADJUSTS CCIR
AFTER THE DECISION BRIEF

Commanders additional guidance and the approved COA are given WARNO #3 sent to subordinate units. Additional information is gathered and put back into the process as necessary. Synch Matrix completed Complete the plan
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WARNORD #3
- TO: Attachments & Detachments - Updated Situation: Enemy & Friendly - Mission - Execution: Bn Cdrs Intent & Concept - Updates on Specific Instructions/ Timeline - Service Support - Command & Signal
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CONDUCT RECON
Recon should confirm Priority Intelligence Requirements (PIR) If possible, include subordinate leaders in the reconnaissance If possible, try to see the view of the decisive point
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FINALIZE THE PLAN

MODIFY/FINALIZE PLAN -S1/S4 =CONCEPT OF SUPPORT -S2 =REFINE R&S PLAN -S3 =OPORD/FRAGO -OTHERS FINALIZE SPT PLANS
Staff prepares the Annexes needed to complete the plan Staff supervises implementation of the plan as directed by the Cdr or XO.
ORDERS BRIEF
Staff prepares the rehearsal for the Commander

Staff conducts rehearsals internal to their staff sections.
SUPERVISE BRIEFBACK INSPECT REHEARSE
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COMPLETE THE PLAN

May or may not alter the tentative plan as a result of the recon Refine concept and plans for fire Focus on specific tasks of all elements Make the plan simple
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STEP 7:ORDERS PRODUCTION

Ensure that subordinates understand:
what must be done when it must be done how it must be done how will the elements work together how it supports the intent of higher unit cmdr
Order does not contain unnecessary info Make use of Terrain Model Use 5-paragraph OPORD format
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OPERATIONS ORDER
Relays necessary info to subordinates to carry out an operation Common 5 paragraph format Common tactical language -FM 101-5-1 Oral and / or written
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OPORD CHARACTERISTICS
GOOD COMBAT ORDERS... Have Clarity Are Complete and Brief Are Timely Allow initiative by recognizing subordinates freedom of action within the commanders intent
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SUPPLEMENTS TO ORDERS
Should amplify or clarify the OPORD Overlays -- Friendly and Enemy Fire Support, R&S, Ops, Movement Intel, Event Concept Sketch Terrain Model Execution & Fire Support Matrix Annexes, etc.
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FRAGMENTARY ORDERS
No plan survives first contact with the enemy - VON MOLTKE Provides timely changes to existing orders Used to supplement orders while operations are in progress Only what is changed is normally sent Follows OPORD format FM 7-10
Pg.. G-4
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SUPERVISION/ REHEARSAL
Re-supply, H2O and rations Inspect uniform, equipment, weapons and ammunition Movement and Protections Communication & Maintenance Fire Support and Engineering activities Briefbacks
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REHEARSALS
Radio Rehearsal Map Rehearsal Sketch Map Rehearsal Terrain Model Rehearsal Key Leader Rehearsal Full Rehearsal
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REHEARSALS
Fire and Maneuver (Battle Drills) Actions on unexpected enemy contact Actions on Objective Breaching Obstacles Assaulting Bunkers/ enter building Clearing of trench Loading and unloading of aircraft
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INPUT
- Mission Received or deduced
OUTPUT
- WARNORD #1 - Commanders Guidance
MDMP 1/3
STEP 2 MISSION ANALYSIS
STEP 1 RECEIPT OF MISSION
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STEP 1: STEP 2: STEP 3: STEP 4: STEP 5: STEP 6: STEP 7: STEP 8: STEP 9: STEP 10: STEP 11: STEP 12: STEP 13: STEP 14: STEP 15: STEP 16: STEP 17:
Analyze higher order Conduct initial IPB Determine Specified & Implied Tasks Review available assets Determine Constraints ID critical facts/assumptions Conduct Risk Assessment Determine initial CCIR Determine initial R&S Plan Plan use of time Write Restated Mission Conduct Mission Analysis Brief Approve Restated Mission Develop initial CDRs Intent Issue CDRs Guidance Issue WARNORD Review facts/assumptions
All Staff Officers

Specified and Implied Tasks Mission Essential Tasks Constraints Recommended CCIR Assets available
S-4
Maintenance status Forecasted veh/weapons status Supply status Transportation available
S-6
- Commo maintenance status - Higher HQ signal plan
S-1
- Status of org/attached units - Forecasted personnel status - Surgical-Medical assets avail
FSO
Fire spt capabilities Recommended FS tasks HVT by critical events IPB, target value analysis
S-2
Initial IPB Battlefield environment Describe battlefield effects Evaluate the threat
Engineer
- Terrain analysis support - Capabilities of Engineer units
S-3
Current combat power Current situation of sub units Status of current task org MSN and Intent - 2 levels up
ADO
- Current C2 - ADW/WCS HOME OF THE PROFESSIONALS - ADA coverage available
OUTPUT
- WARNORD #2 - Initial Timeline, Initial R& S Plan
MDMP 2/3
STEP 3 COA DEVELOPMENT CONDUCT JOINT RCPA STEP 4 COA ANALYSIS (Wargame)
STEP 1: STEP 2: STEP 3: STEP 4: GATHER THE TOOLS LIST ALL FRIENDLY FORCES LIST ASSUMPTIONS LIST KNOWN CRITICAL EVENTS AND DECISION STEP 5: DETERMINE EVALUATION CRITERIA STEP 6: SELECT WARGAME METHOD STEP 7: SELECT METHOD TO RECORD AND DISPLAY RESULT STEP 8: WARGAME AND ASSESS
FROM MISSION ANALYSIS
MISSION ANALYSIS BRIEF S3/XO: -SET-UP S3: -MISSION & INTENT (2 UP) S2: -INITIAL IPB -INITIAL HVTs -INITIAL EVENT TEMPLATE -INITIAL R & S PLAN S3: -CURRENT TASK ORG -CURRENT SECURITY PLAN -SPEC / IMPL TASKS -CONSTRAINTS -HAZARDS -RESTATED MISSION -INITIAL COLLECTION PLAN FSO: -ASSETS AVAILABLE EN: -CONTRAINTS ADO: -RESTRICTIONS / CAPABILITIES S1/S4: -PERS. STAT / CRITICAL SPLY XO: -PROPOSED OPS/PLNG TIMELINE
RECEIVE CDRS GUIDANCE
S-3 DET. DECISIVE POINT DET. PURPOSES DET. TASKS DET T.O./ASSIGN C2 EST. CONTROL MEAS. PREP COA STATEMENT AND SKETCH ARRAY FORCES (2 DOWN) MIN. 2 X COAs
S-2 IPB CONTINUES REFINE SITTEMPs REFINE EVENTTEMPs NAIs/TAIs PRODUCE LARGE SCALE TERRAIN SKETCH OF AO/AI FOR WARGAME
STAFF REFINES ESTIMATES
TOOLS -Means to display forces /COA sketches -Initial Event Template / EN Events List -HVT List / Friendly Assets / CDRs Guidance -Synch Matrix / Blank Butcher Pad 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. HASTY WARGAME Basis for Comparison (CDRs Decision Brief) Use Box Method for Critical Events Wargame each COA vs.. each EN COA Record graphically on SITTEMP Record on Synch Matrix/Create a Decision HOME OF THE PROFESSIONALS Matrix 15-20 Minutes per Friendly COA
COA STATEMENT & SKETCH DRAWN LARGE AND TO SCALE

R & S ASSETS MUST HAVE -FIRE SUPPORT -CSS (medical; resupply) -REDUNDANCY -CLEAR SPECIFIC FOCUS -COMMO; C2
Ref:
OUTPUT
- WARNORD #3 - Updated R&S Plan, Updated IPB, COA & Sketches
MDMP 3/3
STEP 7 ORDERS PRODUCTION
STEP 5 COA COMPARISON

WARGAME PROVIDES
1. Strength and Weakness of each COA 2. Update EVENT TEMP 3. Initial SYNCH MATRIX 4. Draft CCIR (PIR, FFIR, EEFI) 5. Sound basis for recommending COA
STEP 6 COA APPROVAL
DECISION BRIEF
S3/XO - SET UP S3 - MSN/INTENT (2 UP) -RESTATED MSN -Update Time Analysis S2 - UPDATE IPB (Weather, Enemy Sit, EMPCOA as needed) S3 - ASSUMPTIONS -BRIEF COAs -GENERIC TASK ORG, COA STATEMENT & SKETCH -ADVANT/DISADVANT OF EACH COA -RECOMMEND COA SMEs CAN BRIEF ADVANT/ DISADVANT AND COA FEASIBILITY
DETAILED WARGAME
All Products Carried Over to Detailed Wargame
-Makes Transition from COA to Scheme of Maneuver -Wargame Selected COA vs EMPCOA Until Desired Endstate is Achieved -S2 Knowledge of Enemy is Critical -Create and Use DST -Event Analysis/Targeting (HVT/HPT) (ID Targeting related to Decision Points -Record Graphics on COA Overlay -Record results on SYNCH MAT
-5 PARAGRAPH OPORD -ANNEXES TO OPORD -SIT TEMP -EVENT TEMP -FIRE SPT OVERLAY
-HPTs -FSEM -TGT LIST WORKSHEET
-ENGINEER MATRIX -DST -SYNCH MATRIX -R & S OVERLAY
S2/S3 Adjust R & S Plan Based on Selected COA
CAPTURING DATA THROUGH DETAILED RECORDING IS CRITICAL TO THE PROCESS
Upon Completing Base Plan:

Wargame other Enemy COAs Record results on Overlay using dashed lines (CONPLAN) Synch CONPLAN and determine Decision Points/PIR Determine criteria for activating CONPLANs
CDR MAKES DECISION, ISSUES GUIDANCE, & IMPROVES/ADJUSTS CCIR

Ref:
DETAILED WARGAME PROVIDES:

-Final OPNS Graphics
-Final DST -CONPLAN Graphics -Final EVENT TEMP -Final R & S Plan -CCIR Adjustments -Final DSM HOME OF THE PROFESSIONALS -Base Scheme of Maneuver
END
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Military Decision Making Process (MDMP) : Home of The Professionals

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MILITARY DECISION MAKING PROCESS (MDMP)

REF: 7-10, 7-20, 101-5, 101-5-1

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COMMAND & CONTROL PROCESS (C2)

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to accomplish the mission.

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COMMAND & CONTROL PROCESS ENDSTATE

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TROOP LEADING PROCEDURE (a review)

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TROOP LEADING PROCEDURE

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EIGHT STEPS OF TLP

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TROOP LEADING PROCEDURE

DETAILED MXN ANALYSIS

TERRAIN & WEATHER

COA DEVT. A Analyze

SUMMARY OF MXN ANALYSIS

COA SELECTION/ DECISION

ADVANTAGES/ DISADVANTAGES COA COMPARED TO SELECTED CRITERIA

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