Vectors

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5N 10N

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Fx

12N 37

Fy

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Fy

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Fx

109N

57N

100N

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40N

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17kmh-1
62

Vx

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Vy

Vectors
1. A ship is travelling due north with a speed of 12 kmh-1 relative to the water. There is a current in the water flowing at 4.0 kmh 1 in an easterly direction relative to the shore. Determine the velocity of the ship relative to the shore by: Scale drawing Calculation

2.

A swimmer can swim in still water at a speed of 4 kmh-1 the river flows at a speed of 3 kmh-1. Calculate the speed of the swimmer relative to the river bank when she swims: Upstream Downstream

3.

If a force of 6N acts only in the x direction, and a force of 9N acts in the y direction only, draw a scale diagram to calculate the resultant force and the angle relative to the x axis.

4.

Two forces are of magnitude 450N and 240N. Determine:

The maximum resultant force

The minimum resultant force The resultant force when the forces act at 90 to each other The resultant force when the forces act at 38 to each other

Draw a scale diagram and then calculate the answer.

Prac #1 Calculate g
Newton Meter Tension T Mass M Fr

Vectors

Mass providing tension

Force on an inclined plane:

Force along slope Fs = MgSin Balancing Tension T= (measured) Frictional Force resisting motion = Fr At point of movement UP the slope: MgSin + Fr = T DOWN = UP

Task:
Add 700g mass to trolley Balance with varying masses to provide tension T 1. 2. 3. Plot T against Sin (T measured) The gradient is Mg, (where M is the mass of the trolley + 700g) => g = gradient / M The intercept is Fr

Tips

Use from 45 to 0 Repeat your results (0 to 45) and (45 to 0) Use the average of T over three runs Use 100g and 10g weights

Questions Do you get different values for g if you use different masses on the trolley? Is it valid to say that the Frictional Component is constant? What other sources of error are there?

Prac #2 Calculate g (again

T2

Vectors
T1

m 2g

m 1g

Theory: When in equilibrium.

mng

T1Cos + T2Cos = mng T1Sin = T2Sin

Convince yourself that if: m1 = m2, then T1 = T2 and =

Then it follows that: 2TCos = mng so T=mng/2Cos Task: 1. Vary masses m1 and m2 equally to vary tension T (ensure equilibrium) 2. Measure angle from vertical 3. Plot T against 1/Cos 4. Gradient = mng/2 => g = (gradient * 2) / mn Questions: 1. Why can the graph never go through the origin? 2. Compare values for g found in Prac #1