IN THE NAME

OF ALLAH,
THE MOST
BENIFICIENT,
THE MOST
MERCIFUL.
GROUP NO. 8
 GROUP MEMBERS
 FIZZA AZAM.[GL]
 Itrat Fatima.
 Hafiza Sidra.
 Mehroz Khan.
 Iqra Butt.
 Harris Khurram.
 Anum Fayaz.
 Sajeel Bhatti.
 Fawaz Qureshi.
PROFESSOR ALLEN S. LEE
States that

"...research in the information

systems field examines more
than the technological system,
or just the social system, or
even the two side by side; in
addition, it investigates the
phenomena that emerge when
the two interact."
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

 What Are ISs?

 Components Of IS.
 Types Of IS:
-Operation Support Systems.
-Management Support Systems.
-Knowledge Management Systems.
 System Development.
 How System Works.[NADRA]
 Role of IS.
PRESENTER NO.1

Hafiza Sidra Yousaf

BT-08-51
WHAT ARE IS?
 WHAT ARE
INFORMATION SYSTEMS?
A set of people, procedures and resources that
 Collect data
 Manipulate data
 Disseminate data &
information
 Provide feedback to meet
an objective.
 Work together to
achieve a common set
of objectives.
 COMPONENTS OF IS
1. Hardware.
2. Software.
3. People.
4. Data.
5. Network.
HARDWARE RESOURCES
All physical devices used
in information processing.
SOFTWARE RESOURCES
All information processing
instructions including
programs and procedures.
Presenter no. 2

SYEDA ITRAT
FATIMA
BT-08-50
DATA Vs. INFORMATION
oData o Information
 raw facts or  informative value
observations  time dependent
 meaningless  human efficient
 time independent  specific
 machine efficient  based on previous
 general purpose knowledge
Different types of information can be derived
from the same source of data .
HOW IS DATA PROCESSED?
 USEFUL INFORMATION
 Characteristics of useful information

• Relevant
• Complete
• Accurate
• Current
• Economical

18
NETWROK RESOURCES
Communication media
 PEOPLE /USERS
The people who use the IS or the information
from the IS.

• Example: End User, Data Entry,Person, Manager,

Programmer, DB Administrator, Cashier,
Secretary, Professor.
1-21
 TYPES OF IS
In fo r m a tio n S y s te m

O p e r a tio n s M anagem ent

In fo r m a tio n In fo r m a tio n
S y s te m s S y s te m s

T r a n s a c tio n P ro c e s s O ffic e In fo r m a tio n D e c is io n E x e c u tiv e

P r o c e s s in g C o n tro l A u to m a tio n R e p o r tin g S u p p o rt In fo r m a tio n
S y s te m s S y s te m s S y s te m s S y s te m s S y s te m s S y s te m s

Knowledge
management
systems
PRESENTER NO. 3

MEHROZE KHAN
BT-08-14
 OPERATION SUPPORT
SYSTEMS
Efficiently process business
transactions
Control industrial processes
Support communications and
collaboration
Update corporate databases
process data generated by
business operations
 CATEGORIES OF OSS

Major categories are

2. Transaction processing systems
3. Process control systems
4. Office automation systems
TRANSACTION PROCESSING
SYSTEMS
• Process business exchanges
• Maintain records about the
exchanges
• Handle routine, yet critical, tasks
• Perform simple calculations

Examples: sales processing,

inventory systems, accounting
systems
PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS

Process control systems control

Industrial processes and
mechanisms.

Example: in a petroleum
refinery use sensors to
monitor chemical processes.
 OFFICE AUTOMATION
SYSTEMS
Office automation systems
automate office procedures and
enhance office communications and
productivity.
Example:
Invoice scanning,
approval process ,
OCR .
PRESENTER
N0.4

IQRA BUTT
BT-08-31
 MANAGEMENT SUPPORT
SYSTEMS
Management support systems provide
information and support needed for
effective decision making by managers

Management support Systems are distinct

from regular information systems in that they
are used to analyze other information systems
applied in operational activities in the
organization.[
TYPES OF MANAGEMENT
SUPPORT SYSTEMS

1. Information Reporting System.

2. Decision Support System.
3. Executive Information System.
 INFORMATION REPORTING
SYSTEMS
Provide:
 Reports and displays to managers
 Routine information for routine decisions
 Operational efficiency
 Use transaction data as main input
 Databases integrate MIS
in different functional areas
Example: daily sales analysis reports
 DECISION SUPPORT
SYSTEMS
 Interactive support for
non-routine decisions or
problems
 End-users are more
involved in creating a DSS
than an MIS
Example: A what-if-analysis to
determine where to spend
advertising dollars
 EXECUTIVE INFORMATION
SYSTEM
Systems that support non-routine decision-
making through advanced graphics and
communications.

Strategic-level Systems
5-year sales 5-year operating 5-year budget Profit Personnel
trend plan forecasting planning planning
forecasting
Sales and Manufacturing Finance Accounting Human
Marketing Resources
Presenter no. 5

HARRIS KHURRAM
BT-08-16
EXPERT SYSTEMS
 EXPERT SYSTEMS
ES is an information system that captures and
stores the knowledge of human experts and then
imitates human reasoning and decision making
processes for those who have less expertise.

Example: Artificial Intelligence (AI) the

application of human intelligence to computers.
(Speech recognition and creative responses)
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

Knowledge management (KM), is the process through

which organizations generate value from their
intellectual and knowledge-based assets. Most often,
generating value from such assets involves codifying
what employees, partners and customers know, and
sharing that information among employees,
departments and even with other companies in an
effort to devise best practices.
 How a KMS Works

Customer Help Desk agent

Knowledge Base
 INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS
Neural Networks
Natural
Artificial neural Language
networks (ANNs) Processing
simulate massive parallel
processes that involve
processing elements
interconnected in a
network.
Semantic Web. It is an
extension of the current Web,
in which information is given a
well-defined meaning, based
in part on NLP, on XML
presentation, and new
Expert System technologies such as resource
description framework (RDF).
Robotics
Cognitive/Learning
Science
Visual & Auditory
Processing
Fuzzy logic deals with
AI uncertainties by simulating
the process of human
reasoning, allowing the
computer to behave less
Chapter 11 precisely and logically 45
than
conventional computers do.
 Benefits from KM?
• Foster innovation by encouraging the free flow of
ideas
• Improve customer service by streamlining
response time
• Boost revenues by getting products and services
to market faster
• Enhance employee retention rates by recognizing
the value of employees' knowledge and
rewarding them for it
• Streamline operations and reduce costs by
eliminating redundant or unnecessary processes
PRESENTER NO. 6

ANUM FAYAZ
BT-08-26
 DEVELOPMENT OF IS

It is a set of activities
developers use
to build an
information system.
 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
PHASES
Initiation Analysts Role

Analysis

Design

Implementation
Quality
Documentation
Review
Ethics
Project Management Maintenance
49
PARTICIPATION
 INITIATION
• Is this project worth doing?
System
Users

Planned development project

Steering Committee Unplanned

development
project
Survey Project
Feasibility
Feasibility
Report
(scope defined) Problem/opportunity
Constraints details

ANALYSIS
51
System Owners
 ANALYSIS
• Define the client’s requirements .
System
INITIATION Feasibility Report Users
Problem/opportunity
details
Analyse the problem
and define
System Requirements requirements
Specification Report

System Requirements
Specification Report

DESIGN
52
System Owners
 DESIGN
• Define how the system will be implemented
System Requirements Various
Specification Report Sources
ANALYSIS Design ideas/opinions

Select a design
Design Options
strategy and specify
System
Vendors Hardware/Software details
Selected Design
deals Option

Technical Design Design in Progress

Report Report
SystemOwners/
Users
IMPLEMENTATION
53
 IMPLEMENTATION
System
• Build and deliver the system Users

User acceptance
Technical testing
DESIGN Design Report

User Documentation
Build, test, install
and deliver the User Training
System
Vendors Hardware/ new system
Software
Production System
System and
Technical
System Owners
Documentation Project Report

MAINTENANCE 54
 MAINTAINANCE
• Fix it / Make it better System
Users

Fixes and Problems/New ideas

enhancements
Maintain
the new
system Additional training and
documentation
Technical problems and
new technology
Modifications
Project staff Escalating
maintenance PRODUCTION SYSTEM

55
back to INITIATION
PRESENTER NO. 7

FIZZA AZAM
BT-08-77
 HOW SYSTEM
WORKS?

NATIONAL DATABASE
AND REGISTRATION
AUTHORITY
(N A D R A )
CURRENT PRODUCTS
Computerized National ID Cards (CNIC)
National ID Cards for Overseas Pakistanis
(NICOP)
Pakistan Origin Card (POC)
Children Registration Certificate (CRC)
Machine Readable Passports (MRP)
Vehicle Identification and Monitoring System
(VIMS)
Online Bill Payment KIOSK
Driving liscence (computrized)
Geographical Information System
•\
IS RELATED POWERS
 Multipurpose Databases

 Data Warehouses

 Country wide data communication network.

 Interfacing of Databases and Related Facilities

 Information Sharing
 COMPONENTS OF IS
HARDWARE SOFTWARE
 Camera  MS 2000 Advance
 Thumb Digitizer server
 Signature Scanner  SQL server
 Form scanner  Perl language
 Sattelite  PDMS urdu font
 Fiber Optics  CRm applications
 Web server  Online Verification
 Applications
Printing facility
 NETWORK
NSRC PRI RHQ

Using Dialup

Reverse Population Filter

Data

FTP Islamabad FTP Multan

Daily Reports
1.Batches
& other
2. CRM Files
Islamabad Important
3.Daily Reports
Server Documents

Using Satellite
 RWP I
PKN ISL

KWL CHK
HQ
Islamabad

VHR AJK

Th
KVL MUR ro
ug
lite h PKN
tel RWP II Sa
SWL Sa te
SWL
lli KWL
PKN LHR 1 gh te
r ou
Th

BWP VHR
KWL QSR
RHQ
RHQ Multan
Lahore Connected with Satellite
Multan KVL
LHR 2 GUJ

RYK MCN
NRV GUW
Connected Using FTP
SQB
PAT
 DATABASES
 Modes/ Types of Data
 English
 Urdu/ Sindhi
 Numeric
 Date & Time Stamps
 Images
 Facial Recognition
 MAIN DATABASES

 Fast Track Registration Centre (FTRC)

 Customer Relationship Management

(CRM)
FTRC Database
Computerized ID Scheme
 BACKUP

 Keeping the Network Moving

 Main task of the IS People
 Backup Routine
 Recovery
 Multiple Backups
 Vision

A Catalyst for Change

NADRA is the most modern organization

which will provide base for the better

governance of Pakistan and will also prove as

a model organization for Public Sector of

Pakistan.
PRESENTER NO.8

SAJEEL ANJUM
BHATTI
BT-08-69
 ROLES OF IS
 A major part of the resources of an enterprise and its
cost of doing business.
 An important factor affecting operational efficiency,
employee productivity, customer service, etc.
 A major source of information needed to promote
effective decision making.
 An important ingredient in developing competitive
products and services that give an organization a
strategic advantage in the marketplace.
BUSINESS ARE BECOMING
INTERNETWORKED
• The internet and Internet-like networks (intranets
and extranets) have become the primary information
technology infrastructure that supports the business
operations of many organizations.
• Electronic commerce:
– The buying and selling, and marketing and servicing of
products, services, and information over a variety of
computer networks.
• Globalization:
– Global markets, global production facilities, global partners,
global competitors, global customers.
 Measuring success of an IS
• Efficiency
– Minimize cost, time and use of information
resources
• Effectiveness
– Support business strategies
– Enable business processes
– Enhance organizational structure and culture
– Increase the customer and business value

1-75
ETHICAL CHALLENGES
 Presenter no.
9
FAWAZ QURESHI
BT-08-75
 What does IS do for a
business?

1-78
 FUNCTIONAL AREA OF
BUSINESS
• Finance and accounting
• Sales and marketing
• Manufacturing
• Human resource management

Principles of Information 79
Systems, Eighth Edition
 SYSTEMS IN INDUSTRY
• Airline industry
• Investment firms
• Banks
• Transportation industry
• Publishing companies
• Healthcare organizations
• Professional services
 GLOBALIZATION
• Management Control.
• Competition in World Markets.
• Global Work Groups.
• Global Delivery System.

Ch 1. 81
 OVERVIEW
Information Systems are indispensable to the business,
industry, academia and any organization to meet the
future challenges.