POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE CONSTITUTION

WITH

POLITICS,GOVERNANCE AND CONSTITUTION

OBJECTIVES

To understand the basic concept of political science To develop a critical way of thinking in interpreting Politics and Government To evaluate how they know and understand the topic

POLITICAL SCIENCE
(D E L EON , 1999)

Systematic study of state and government

POLITICAL- derived from the Greek word POLIS meaning a city or the sovereign state

SCIENCE- comes from the Latin SCIRE-means to know

SCIENCE
1.

OF

POLITICS

It is the basic knowledge and understanding of the state and the principles and ideals which underlie its organization and activities It is primarily concerned with the association of human beings into body politic or in a political community It deals with those relations among men and groups which are subject to control by the state with the relations of men and groups to the state itself and the relations of the state to other state

2.

3.

GOVERNANCE

POLITICS

CONSTITUTION

PEOPLE

INTERPRETATION OF THE DIAGRAM

PEOPLE as the FOCAL of all areas of POLITICS, GOVERNMENT and CONSTITUTION because it is the human individual who is the revolving actor of the state, it is to people why there is an existent laws. The right is vested to and it simply denotes that the he/she is the MAIN ACTOR.

SCOPE
1.

OF

POLITICAL SCIENCE

Political Theory-the entire body of the doctrines relating to the form, behavior and purposes of the state are dealt with in this study Public Law- the Organization of governments

2. a. b. c.

Limitations upon government authority

Powers and Duty of government offices and officers

S TAGES IN THE S TUDY OF P OLITICAL S CIENCE

Religious Stage the government, its leaders and laws was considered as divine or divinely inspired. Metaphysical Stage the state was considered as a human institution and it is therefore absolute (cannot be changed). Modern Stage the state was deemed capable of being improved by rulers and subjects according to certain principles and laws.

DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

Aristotle

wrote Politics, the first systematic work on political affairs.

Father of Political Science

Niccolo Machiavelli

wrote The Prince, a handbook for rulers in the art of government. Father of Modern Political Science

Prof. Francis Lieber

wrote Manual of Political Ethics; the first systematic treatise in political science

W HAT

IS A STATE ?

A group of persons, more or less numerous, permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, independent of external control, and possessing a government to which a great body of inhabitants render habitual obedience.

E LEMENTS

OF A

S TATE

People Territory Government Sovereignty

W HAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN N ATION AND S TATE ?

State is a legal or juristic concept, while Nation is an ethnic or racial concept. Nasci = to be born indicates a relation of birth or origin and implies a common race. Thus, a nation may comprise several states Example: Egypt, Iraq, Saudi, Lebanon, Jordan, etc. belong to Arab nation.

W HAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN N ATION AND S TATE ?

It is also possible for a single state to be made up of more than one nation, e.g. US which was the melting pot of many nations that were eventually combined into the American nation

A. P EOPLE

Different meanings as used in the 1987 Constitution:

Inhabitants (sec. 2, Art III; sec. 1, Art. XIII); Citizens (secs. 1 & 4, Art II; sec 7, art. III); Electors (sec. 4, Art. VII)

As a requisite for Statehood, there should be an adequate number for self-sufficiency and defense; of both sexes for perpetuity.

W HAT IS THE D IFFERENCE BETWEEN C ITIZENSHIP AND N ATIONALITY ?

Citizenship Legal or juristic Can be changed or taken-back

Nationality Ethnic or racial Absolute, Innate

B. T ERRITORY
The National Territory Sec. 1, Art. I: The national territory comprises the Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and waters embraced therein, and all other territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial, fluvial and aerial domains, including its territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves, and other submarine areas.

C OMPONENTS OF P HILIPPINE T ERRITORY :

Terrestrial = land Fluvial = internal waters

Aerial domains = aerospace

Marine = external waters both surface and sub-aquatic

C. G OVERNMENT

The agency or instrumentality through which the will of the State is formulated, expressed and realized. Our Constitution, however, requires our government to be democratic and republican.

C. G OVERNMENT
Section 1, Art II. The Philippines is a democratic and republican State. Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them. REPUBLICAN

It is one wherein all government authority emanates from the people and is exercised by representatives chosen by the people.

C. G OVERNMENT
DEMOCRATIC

This emphasizes that the Philippines has some aspects of direct democracy such as initiative and referendum.

D. S OVEREIGNTY

The supreme and uncontrollable power innate in a State by which that State is governed. Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them. (Sec. 1 Art.II)

D UTIES

OF THE

S TATE

Peace and Order Political Harmony (Good Laws) Social Justice

Economic Development

T HEORIES OF S TATE O RIGIN

Divine Theory the state is of divine origin, all political authority emanates from God. Social Contract Theory - this theory states that men agreed among themselves to live under one civil society or body politic. A person surrendered his natural liberty but gained in return the protection and civil rights guaranteed by the governments. Force Theory the state has arisen through sheer force; a tribe conquering other tribes to form a kingdom.