Highlights of Activities day 2

Research Process a review

Dr. Palaganas 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Conceptual phase Design and planning phase Empirical phase Analytical phase Dissemination phase

Understanding Qualitative Research as a Method of Inquiry

Dr. Palaganas Collection/analysis of subjective narrative materials describing life experiences with minimum research-imposed control captured in the context of those experiencing them (context-dependent)

Attributes / Characteristics
1. Belief in existence of multiple realities by researcher 2. The discovery process is through use of multiple ways of understanding 3. Provides a view of reality important to those studied 4. Inquiry does not disturb the natural context of the phenomenon studies 5. Researcher is an instrument and a part of the study 6. Reported in rich literary style emic

Levels of Research Question (review)

Level 1 exploratory / descriptive Level 2 relation between 2 or more variables Level 3 tests predictive hypothesis; demonstrates cause-effect relationship

Approaches to Qualitative Research

Phenomenological Ethnographic Grounded theory Action research Historical research Critical social theory Philosophical inquiry Case study Life history

Common Features Qualitative Research

1. Purpose is descriptive & understanding 2. Use of Literature review is minimum in the beginning but done after the research is completed and analyzed and its purpose is tell readers how findings fit into what is known of the topic 3. Explaining / clarifying the researchers beliefs to bring it to consciousness so it does not affect collection / analysis (reflexivity) 4. Setting of data collection field

5. Selection of Participants sampling is purposive / based on their experience 6. Saturation 7. Analysis of data begins with data collection and throughout the study
-collect, analyze, reduce, display

8. Demonstrating trustworthiness or Rigor

Gubas Model for Value of a Study

criterion
Truth Value

Qualitative
Credibility

Quantitative
Internal validity

Applicability
Consistency

Transferability
Dependability

External validity
Reliability

Neutrality

Confirmability

Objectivity

Guidelines in Writing the Proposal

Dr. Palaganas

- definition of term - define variables operationally; alphabetize,no need to number - use appropriate heading for conceptual or theoretical framework, either or both - use APA style in review of literature - prefer reference instead of bibliography and include only those cited in the text

- exhaustive review of related literature but present in a concise and meaningful way; - avoid long quotes, paraphrase instead; when quoting include page - for scope and limitation, sets the boundary of the study not on personal ; include steps in controlling bias - choose appropriate research design that fits problem / objective

- use validated tools when available; test for content validity for new ones - consult statistician early on for sample size / statistical tool for analysis at conceptual phase - include dummy tables in proposal

More tips on Web Site references

Dr. Domantay

PCHRD / HERDIN BMJ.coms on-line Book - Statistics at Square One socialresearchmethods.net Knoweldge Base (Cornell University)

Writing Proposals: Tips/Guidelines Dr. Domantay

Know the requirement. Ask 3 questions: - Will study succeed? - Will the answer worth having? - Does study represent value for money?

Strategies for Success

Content Form

How to Develop Questionnaires

1. List variables 2. Formulate questions that measure the variables; 3. Arrange in logical sequence 4. Prepare draft quesrtionnaire 5. Pre-test 6. Make necessary modifications

Tips
Introductory message Clear instructions if self-administered Make it attractive readability Questions dont extend to next page Sequence by importance / sensitivity Put transitions to break monotony if long If multiple choice, make sure it is inclusive of all possible responses Know how it will be coded Provide space for comments on last page

For new tools Test for Content Validity - pre-survey - consultation with expert , test for Reliability - test-retest - split-half reliability

Orientation on Research Proposal requirements for PCHRD Funding by Ms Luz

WORKSHOP RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING EVALUATION