A.JALAJARANI ASST.

LECTURER IN NURSING

SOCIAL ISSUES AND THE ENVIRONMENT Objectives Developing and modernizing the technologies without losing our sound traditional values and practices is essential.

Sustainable Development to Unsustainable Development Sustainable Development is such a concept that Signifies, that rate of consumption or use of natural resources should be approximate the rate at which these resources can be substituted or replaced.

Sustainable development - Definition Meeting the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations, to meet their own needs.

Sustainable development (SD) is a pattern of growth in which resource use aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not in the present, but also for generations to come (sometimes taught as ELF-Environment, Local people, Future).

True

sustainable

development

Optimum use of natural resources with high degree of reusability, minimum wastage, least generation of toxic by products and maximum productivity.

Dimensions of sustainable development Multi dimensional concept derived from interactions between society, economy and environment.

That is to say, how economic, social and environmental systems interact at various scales of operation to lead sustainable development that will strike optimal balance among the three subsystems. It must ultimately lead to reducing poverty of people in developing countries by minimizing resources depletion, environmental damage and social instability.

Aspects of sustainable development

Inter-generational equity Intra-generational equity

Approaches for sustainable development 1.Developing appropriate technology - locally adaptable, eco-friendly, resource efficient and culturally suitable. 2.Reduce, reuse, recycle [3R] approach reduces waste generation and pollution 3.Providing environmental education awareness changing attitude of the people and

4.Consumption of renewable resources

attain sustainability
5.Conservation of non renewable resources conserved by recycling and reusing 6.Population control

Need for Sustainable Development Almost all environmental problems are the results of unsustainable development
Overuse of natural resources leads to pollution, cutting of trees has created global warming

Laws for Air, Water, Land, Wild Life, Forest have failed to control environmental losses

 Only way is to accept the concept of sustainable development by making people aware about the needs and methods to control their demands and control over the overuse of resources

Unsustainable Development
Unsustainable development occurs when present progress is at the expense of future generations. For example, irresponsible planning, environmental degradation through exploitation of resources etc. generates waste and pollution that damages ecosystems.

Causes of Unsustainable Development Population growth: Today the worlds population is just over 6 billion. It has doubled since 1950 and in the next fifty years is expected to reach about 10 billion. The highest population growth is in the poorer countries; populations in the West are growing but at a much lower rate. There about five people in Third World countries compared to only one in Western industrialized countries.

Resources consumption:
The West represents about 20% of the worlds population, but uses over 80% of the worlds resources for its energy needs and for its industries. Again, there would be a problem of insufficient resources if all the Third World countries developed in the same way as Western countries. For example, how would plastics be manufactured without the availability of oil, or steel without iron and other minerals?

 Energy consumption: The Western countries use far more energy: the average person uses 40 times as much as a person in the Third World. However, if all the Third World countries became developed and their energy use increased, there would not be enough oil, gas and coal to go around.

Urban problems related to energy 1.Causes for urbanization 2.Energy demanding activities

3.Solution for urban energy problem

Conservation of energy resources: Causes of shortage of energy in India

Effects of shortage of energy in India Methods of conservation of energy

WATER CONSERVATION

The process of saving water for future utilization

NEED FOR WATER CONSERVATION

1. Changes in environmental factors 2. Better lifestyles 3. Increase in population 4. Deforestion 5. Over exploitation of ground water 6. Agricultural and industrial activities

STRATEGIES OF WATER CONSERVATION 1. Reducing evaporation losses 2. Reducing irrigation losses 3. Re use of water 4. Preventing of wastage of water 5. Decreasing run-off losses 6. Avoid discharge of sewage

Methods of water conservation 1. Rain water harvesting- A technique of capturing and storing of rain water for further utilization. Objectives of rain water harvesting 1. Increasing demands 2. Recharging the ground water 3. Reducing the ground water 4. Increase in hydro static pressure

ADVANTAGES
Rainwater harvesting can ensure an independent water supply during water restrictions, usually of acceptable quality for household needs and renewable at acceptable volumes, despite forecasted climate change (CSIRO, 2003).

 It produces beneficial externalities by reducing peak storm water runoff and processing costs. Rainwater harvesting systems are simple to install and operate. Prevents water wastage by arresting run off. Prevents soil erosion and mitigates flood.

Sustains and safeguards existing water table through recharge. Increases water availability and improves water quality. Arrests sea-water intrusion and prevents salivations of ground water.

VARIOUS METHODS EM PLOYED

Rainwater can be harvested in a variety of ways:
Directly from roof tops and stored in tanks. Monsoon run off and water in swollen streams during the Monsoon and storing it in underground tanks. Water from flooded rivers can be stored in small ponds.

 7145044-Rain-Water-Harvesting.pdf

2. Water shed management The management of rainfall and resultant run-off. Factors affecting watershed
1. Unplanned land use 2. Deforestation 3. Droughty climates

OBJECTIVES

1. To minimize of risk of floods 2. For improving the economy 3. For developmental activities 4. To generate huge employment opportunities 5. To promote forestry 6. To protect soil from erosion

ADVANTAGES OF WATERSHED APPROACH

ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY SAVES TIME AND MONEY GREATER PEOPLES PARTICIPATION

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