Made By:0101072 Shrey Krishna 0101073 Vivek Pandey 0101075 Pratyush Chauhan

THUNDERSTORMS

CUMULONIMBUS CLOUDS

WHAT MAKES A THUNDERSTORM?

Moisture: cloud formation & rain Unstable air: relatively warm air rises rapidly Lifting: from sea breezes and mountain interaction

THREE TYPES OF THUNDERSTORMS

Air Mass

Typical summer storms caused as Result of localized convection in an unstable air mass

Frontal

Form right along or just ahead of a cold front

Orographic

This type of storm is the result of air that is forced upward by a mountain

THUNDERSTORM FACTS

Every thunderstorm produces lightning Heavy rain can lead to flash flooding Strong winds, hail, and tornadoes may be associated with thunderstorms Romans thought them to be battles waged by Jupiter, who hurled lightning bolts forged by Vulcan Christian doctrine accepted the ideas of Aristotle that winds were caused by exhalations from the Earth and that fierce storms were the work of God.

IMPORTANT TERMS FOR THUNDERSTORMS

A Severe Thunderstorm Watch can be issued by the National Weather Service station

This type of storm has winds of at least 58 mph or hail at least inch in diameter

A Severe Thunderstorm Warning is issued when a severe thunderstorm has actually been observed

THUNDERSTORM SAFETY TIPS

Go inside and stay away from windows, doors, and porches Stay away from trees and out of boats Avoid plumbing fixtures and contact with electrical fixtures Stay off the phone!

TORNADOES

WHAT IS A TORNADO?

A tornado is a violently rotating column of air extending between, and in contact with, a cloud and the surface of the earth

Tornadoes can come one at a time or in clusters

They can also vary in size, length, width, direction of travel, and speed

HOW DO YOU MEASURE A TORNADO?

Since February 1, 2008 tornadoes have been measured based on the Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF) Was implemented in place of Fujita Scale developed by Ted Fujita in 1971 This scale helps determine the speed of a tornado from weakest to strongest Based on the damage they cause

THE ENHANCED FUJITA SCALE

EF 0 EF 1 EF 2 EF 3 EF 4 65 to 85 MPH 86 to 110 MPH 111 to 135 MPH 136 to 165 MPH 166 to 200 MPH

EF 5

Over 200 MPH

WHEN AND WHERE DO TORNADOES OCCUR?

Tornadoes can occur in any state and any time

of year They typically occur from March to August The most common tornadoes are in Tornado Alley Tornado Alley - Arkansas, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Texas states of USA In India they are very rare

HURRICANES

A HURRICANE IS AN INTENSE TROPICAL WEATHER SYSTEM THAT HAS A WELL-DEFINED CIRCULATION AND SUSTAINED WINDS OF 74 MPH OR HIGHER

HOW DO HURRICANES FORM?

They form when they gather heat and energy through contact with warm ocean waters Water evaporates from the ocean and the moisture produces a storm They can also form when a wind pattern occurs near the surface of the ocean and spirals inward

STORMS ASSOCIATED WITH HURRICANES

Tropical Depression

An organized of clouds and thunderstorms at low level circulation with winds at a maximum of 39 mph An organized system of strong thunderstorms with winds between 39 to 73 mph

Tropical Storm

WHEN AND WHERE DO HURRICANES OCCUR?

Hurricanes can occur during any time of the year Hurricane season is from June 1st to November 30th They can form in the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and in the eastern Pacific Ocean

HOW DO YOU MEASURE A HURRICANE?

Hurricanes are measured by their speed and it is split into categories The categories range from one to five, with one being the weakest and five being the strongest The classification of hurricane systems is called the SafirSimpson Hurricane Scale

SAFIR-SIMPSON HURRICANE SCALE

Category One Category Two Category Three Category Four Category Five MPH 74 to 95 MPH 96 to 110 MPH 111 to 130 MPH 131 to 155 MPH Winds greater then 155

Note: Hurricanes of Category Three or above are considered major hurricanes.

WHY DO HURRICANES HAVE NAMES?

Hurricanes are named to help identify and keep track of storms as they move across the ocean Atlantic hurricanes might have Spanish, French, or English names since they come in contact with the borders Hurricanes are named alphabetically by the National Weather Service

In 1953, the National Weather Service began using female names In 1979, they began to use both men and womens names

 THE PURSUIT OF ANY SEVERE WEATHER CONDITION

MOTIVE CAN BE CURIOSITY, ADVENTURE, SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATION OR FOR NEWS / MEDIA COVERAGE

 STORM CHASING IS CHIEFLY A RECREATIONAL ENDEAVOR MANY CHASERS ALSO ARE STORM SPOTTERS, REPORTING THEIR OBSERVATIONS OF HAZARDOUS WEATHER TO THE AUTHORITIES

SEASONAL ACTIVITY
MOST ACTIVE IN THE SPRING AND EARLY SUMMER, PARTICULARLY MAY AND JUNE

ACROSS THE GREAT PLAINS OF THE UNITED STATES

EQUIPMENTS
FIRST IN-FIELD TECHNOLOGY CONSISTED OF RADIO GEAR FOR COMMUNICATION

EVOLUTION OF THE LAPTOP COMPUTER WOULD BEGIN TO REVOLUTIONIZE STORM CHASING

A MAJOR TURNING POINT WAS THE ADVENT OF CIVILIAN GPS IN 1996

DANGERS DURING STORM CHASING

MOST DANGEROUS THING TO FACE DURING A CHASE

IF STRUCK BY THIS,U KNOW WHAT IS GOING TO HAPPEN

PEOPLE HAVE LOST THEIR LIVES DUE TO THE EPIDEMICS CAUSED BY THE STAGNANT WATER LEFT AS AFTERMATH

QUESTIONS ????

REFERENCES:WIKIPEDIA.COM THE WEATHER CHANNEL.COM

GOOGLE.COM
STORMCHASERS.COM GOOGLE IMAGES

THANK YOU