POWER CONTROL OF CDMA USING BACTERIAL FORAGING OPTIMIZASTION ALGORITHM

BY
YARIMA SAID MUSA (PGS/10-11/2020481)

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING PROGRAMME SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY ABUBAKAR TAFAWA BALEWA UNIVERSITY BAUCHI
M.ENG PROJECT SYNOPSIS SUPERVISOR: Professor J.D. JIYA

JULY 2012

Introduction
The demand for cellular service has always been on the increase since it was introduced in 1984 and the number of subscribers has become exceedingly larger overtime. This phenomenal growth created the lack of radio spectrum and caused the degradation of service quality due to traffic congestion of the radio signal.

Introduction Contd
The CDMA mobile system (CMS) has been developed by Electronics and Telecommunication Research Institute (ETRI) and field-tested for commercial service deployment in Korea (1989 1995) Unlike competing systems such as the GSM that use TDMA, the CDMA does not assign any specific frequencies to each user. Instead, every channel uses a full spectrum and individual conversations are encoded with a PN digital sequence.

Introduction Contd
The most important feature of the CMS that makes it attractive is its ability to provide large capacity for both data and voice communication than other commercial mobile technologies. Simple models shows that the capacity may be improved by more than 20 times (as recommended by the UPR of the CTIA) that of the existing narrowband cellular standard such as the AMPS and TACS.

Statement of the problem

CMS are generally known to have three major drawbacks: the necessity assign each user a unique codes, the need to synchronize the system and the tight power control requirements. If all mobiles were to transmit at the same power level, the mobile closest to the base station will overpower all others since the signal power drops exponentially with the distance (near-far effect). If the mobile stations were to transmit continuously at a power higher than that needed to maintain an acceptable SIR, the battery lifetime will be reduced.

Statement of the problem

Therefore the most important system requirement in CDMA system is the power control requirement. it is essential to exercise some kind of control to maintain acceptable signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) for all users. This maximizes the system capacity by minimizing the outage probability due to inadequate SIR level and also conserve the battery life. Power control is a common strategy to alleviate the MAI component, since it can also compensate the near-far effect and optimize the power consumption at the mobile unit (MU)

LITERATURE REVIEW
(Chang & Wang, 1996) applied a fuzzy-logic control (FLC) theory to control power in (DS/CDMA) cellular system over the mobile fading channel to compensate for the differing received powers. (Lee & Steele, 1996.) proposed the use of multitap RAKE receivers in a closed-loop power control system both for fixed-step and adaptive-step power control algorithms. (Tam & Lau, 1999) used a general model to investigated the forward-link capacity of a code division multiple access (CDMA) cellular system with power control.

LITERATURE REVIEW
(Campos-Delgado, Luna-Rivera, & Martinez-Lopez, 2010) approached power control in the uplink using linear quadratic (LQ) in a direct-sequence codedivision multiple access communication (DS-CDMA) through proper selection of the tracking error function.

Plan and Methodology

A closed loop strategy of the uplink transmit power will be adopted. FLC controller will be used for the system Bacterial Foraging Algorithms (BFA) will be used to optimize the parameters of the controller. The error cost function will be computed by mean square estimation. The selected system model is the CDMA IS95 model. Simulink model of the above will be used for simulation.

Methodology
Block diagram of control system showing FLC and BFA

Anticipated Outcome
The transmit power for each mobile will be reduced. System capacity will be shown to be enhanced. longer life span of BTS power amplifiers .

References
Lee, J. S., & Miller, L. E. (1998). CDMA Systems Engineering Handbook. Systems Engineering.

Campos-Delgado, D., Luna-Rivera, J., & Martinez-Lopez, F. (2010). Distributed power control algorithms in the uplink of wireless codedivision multiple-access systems. Power, (June 2009), 795-805.
Chang, P., & Wang, B. (1996). Adaptive Fuzzy Power Control for CDMA Mobile Radio Systems, 45(2). Holliday, T., Goldsmith, A., & Glynn, P. (1992). Optimal Power Control for CDMA Systems in the Wideband Limit. Srikant, R., Alpcan, T., & Sar, T. B. (2002). CDMA Uplink Power Control as a Noncooperative Game. Wireless Networks, 659-670.

References
Entry, A., Palgrave, N., & Williams, N. (2001). Robust Control, (2001), 1-11. Lee, C., & Steele, R. (1996). Closed-loop power control in Electrical Engineering.

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