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Introduction, Classification of Power Plants Working principle of steam, Gas, Diesel, Hydro-electric and Nuclear Power plants Merits and Demerits.
Pumps and turbines working principle of Reciprocating pumps (single acting and double acting) Centrifugal Pump.
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POWER PLANT
Technology
A power station (also referred to as a generating station, power plant, or powerhouse) is an industrial facility for the generation of electric power. Power plant is also used to refer to the engine in ships, aircraft and other large vehicles.
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water is used as working fluid. Potential energy of water stored at higher level is converted into mechanical energy which is used for power generation.
Water is allowed to flow under pressure from dam which is used to run the turbine & electric power is generated.
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Mechanical Energy
Electrical
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CONT.
Turbine Generator
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CONT.
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Water the working fluid is a natural & renewable energy source available in plenty. Life of the plant is very long. Running cost of plant is low. Maintenance & operation cost is low. No ash disposal problem. Less supervising staff. No fuel transportation problem. In addition to power generation these plants are useful for irrigation and flood control.
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NUCLEAR FISSION
Process by which the atoms nuclei become fragmented (e.g., in a nuclear reactor); neutrons are released and energy is produced in the form of heat.
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It needs less space. Fuel consumption is very small & hence transportation ,handling and storages charges are low. Well suited for large power demands. Operation of the plant is more reliable. Less workmen is required.
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Capital cost is high. Radioactive wastes, if not disposed carefully have adverse effects on environments. Not suitable for varying load conditions. Maintenance cost is high.
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235
Technology
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OBSERVATION
Technology
The force of the steam rotates the blades, and it acts like a simple turbine. This rotational energy produces a small current in the dynamo and lights the bulb. Inference Mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. This is the principle used in the Thermal Power Plant
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steam is used as the working fluid. Heat energy is converted into mech.energy which is used for power generation.
Mech.energy
Steam is produced in the boiler & is used to drive the steam turbine which is coupled with a generator.
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cont..
Energy conversuion
Boiler
Turbine Generator
Fuel
Heat ene.
Heat energy
Mech.energy electrical energy.
Mech.energy
Turbine Boiler
Coupling
Generator
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CONT..
& ash circuit. ii)Air & flue gas circuit. iii)feed water & steam circuit. Iv) cooling water circuit.
I) coal
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COAL HANDLING
ASH STORAGE
ASH HANDLING
BOILER
Coal is used as the fuel & burnt in the boiler for generation of steam. Ash produced due to the combustion of coal is removed to the ash storage.
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Air is taken from atmosphere thro fans. Air is heated by the heat of flue gases which is passing to chimney. hot air is supplied to the boiler.
economis er Hot flue gas Hot Air
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Dust collector
Boiler
Air preheater
Draught fan
Air from atmos.
chimney
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circuit consists of condenser, cooling water pumps and cooling tower. The hot water coming from the condenser is cooled in the cooling tower and it is recirculated. Abundant quantity of water is required for condensing the steam in the condenser which is taken from river or lake.
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ADVANTAGES
Initial
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plant. Generation of power is continuous. Less space is required. It can respond to rapidly changing load. It can be located near the load centre, hence transmission cost & losses are reduced.
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DISADVANTAGES
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& handling of fuel is major difficulty. Long time required for erection. Maintenance & operation cost are high. Efficiency of the plant is less. Power generation cost is high compared to hydel power plants.
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Pradesh, Raichur Thermal Plant in Karnataka, Korba Thermal Plant in Madhya Pradesh, Farraka Thermal Plant in West Bengal are a few of the thermal power plants located in India.
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Principle:
Natural gas is used as fuel in the gas turbine power plant. Air is compressed to a high pr. & heated by means of the flue gases. natural gas burns in the steam of hot air 7 the gases coming out are used to run the turbine.
Pressure energy Heat energy
Mechanica l energy
Electrical energy
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Energy conversion pressure energy. Heat energy( air+fuel) Mechanical energy Electrical
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Air from atmos.is drawn into LPC & is compressed. Air is passed thro the intercooler after comp. becasuse it is hot. Intercooler is used reduce the work of the compressor & increase the efficiency. Air from intercooler enters the HPC where it is further compressed to a high pr. Hot air enters from the regenerator & fuel is injected into the combustion chamber. The fuel may be natural gas or gasoline. HPT: the turbine shaft drives the compressor shaft which is coupled to it. About 66% of power developed by the turbine is used to run the compressor & 34% is used to generate electric Basic Mechanical Engineering V.S
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Natural gas is easily available & cheap. Gas turbine power plant is smaller in size & less wt compared to steam power plant. Initial cost is low. Less maintenance cost. Simple in construction. It can be started quickly & can be put on load very short time.
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Major part of the power developed bythe turbine is used to drive the compr. & hence it has low efficiency. Special cooling methods are required. Poor part load efficiency.
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Used in aircraft & ships. Used as a stand by unit. Used in thermal process & petrochemical industries. Used to supply peak load in steam or hydro power plant.
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Diesel pp depends upon the diesel engine. Capacity ranges from : 2 -50 MW. It can be used as stand-by- plants to hydro electric & steam PP for emergency service. It can be used as peak load plant in combination with thermal or hydro plant. It can be used in transport sys. Like automobile , railways, aero planes, ships,etc.
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INTRODUCTION:
A DIESEL POWER STATION(ALSO KNOWN AS STAND-BY POWER STATION) USES A DIESEL ENGINE AS PRIME MOVER FOR THE GENERATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY. THIS POWER STATION IS GENERALLY COMPACT AND THUS CAN BE LOCATED WHERE IT IS ACTUALLY REQUIRED. THIS KIND OF POWER STATION CAN BE USED TO PRODUCE LIMITED AMOUNTS OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY. IN MOST COUNTRIES THESE POWER STATIONS ARE USED AS EMERGENCY SUPPLY STATIONS.
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Generator
pump
Spray tank
pump
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OPERATION
Technology
THE DIESEL BURNS INSIDE THE ENGINE AND THE COMBUSTION PROCESS CAUSES ROTATIONAL MECHANICAL ENERGY THAT TURNS THE ENGINE SHAFT AND DRIVES THE ALTERNATOR. THE ALTERNATOR INTURN, CONVERTS MECHANICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY. THIS TYPE OF ELECTRICITY GENERATING POWER STATION WILL PROBABLY BE USED A LONG TIME INTO THE FUTURE, DUE TO A NEED FOR RELIABLE STAND-BY ELECTRICAL SOURCE FOR EMERGENCY SITUATIONS.
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Simple design & layout of plant. Occupies less space & is compact. Can be started quickly and picks up load in a short time. Requires less water for cooling. Thermal efficiency better that of Steam Power plant of same size. Overall cost is cheaper than that of Steam Power plant of same size
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1.Kerala State Electricity Board, Kerala. 100 MW Diesel Cycle Power Plant at Brahmapuram, Kerala. 2. DCW Ltd., Sahupuram. 30 MW Diesel Cycle Power Plant at Sahupuram, Tamil Nadu. 3. Rolls - Royce Power Ventures Limited. U.K. 10 MW Gas Cycle Power Plant in Bangaladesh. 4. Sanmar Chemplast Ltd., Chennai. 10 MW Diesel Cycle Power Plant at Mettur, Tamil Nadu. 5. Samalpatti Power Company Ltd., Coimbatore. 106 MW DG Cycle Power Plant at Pochampalli, Tamil Nadu.
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6 x 20 MW DG power plant for Karnataka Electricity Board, Yelahanka, near Bangalore, which is the biggest Diesel based power plant in Asia. 5 x 20 MW diesel power plant of Kerala State Electricity Board, Brahmapuram, near Kochi, Kerala. 3 x 10 MW DG power plant of Ferro Alloys Corporation, Garividi, near Visakhapatnam, A.P. 6 x 6.5 MW diesel power plant for Mangalore Chemicals & Fertilisers Ltd, Mangalore. 3 x 3 MW captive diesel power plant for International Technology Park, near BangaloreV.S Basic Mechanical Engineering