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By Joyce Simko, Anita Beebe, Judy King and Sr. Clare Marie Klein
E. coli
Escherichia coli is the most common bacterium in the human gut. It has been extensively studied in the laboratory and is an important research organism for molecular biology. E. coli reproduce very rapidly; a single microscopic cell can divide to form a visible colony with millions of cells overnight. Like all bacteria, E. coli has no nuclear envelope surrounding the bacterial chromosome and thus no true nucleus. All of the genes required for basic survival and reproduction are found in the single chromosome.
http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab6/concepts1.html
Plasmids
Plasmids are circular pieces of DNA that exist outside the main bacterial chromosome and carry their own genes for specialized functions. In genetic engineering, plasmids are one means used to introduce foreign genes into a bacterial cell. Some plasmids have the ampR gene, which confers resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin. E. coli cells containing this plasmid, can survive and form colonies on LB agar that has been supplemented with ampicillin. Cells lacking the ampR plasmid are sensitive to the antibiotic, which kills them. An ampicillin-sensitive cell can be transformed to an ampicillin-resistant cell by its uptake of a foreign plasmid containing the ampR gene. The same can be said for the lac gene, which codes for lactose. If this gene is taken in, the organism can break down lactose. To transform cells, you first need to make them competent to take up extracellular DNA. http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab6/concepts1.html
In the Beginning
God said, Let there be transformation!!! http://www.dnalc.org/ddnalc/resources/tran sformation2.html
http://www.dnatube.com/thumb/2_202.jpg
Transformation Procedure
http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab6/concepts1.html
Results
http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab6/concepts1.html
TEST TIME!!!
Place the Stages of Transformation in Order:
C,B,D,E,A
In the Classroom
STANDARDS RICH! Unique & interesting ways to expand the scientific world of students History of science (DNA Timeline) Integrates Math, Science and History Allows students to use many scientific instruments and processes Explores new methods Scientific inquiryallows students to explore Careers in science Future of Science Research
Lab Work
DNA Timeline
http://www.dnai.org/timeline/index.html
kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/ cm1504/mendel.htm
S t r e t c h i n g Our Abilities!
Working with high tech equipment: Modern Lab
Concluding Thoughts
Thank you!!! The End!