4.

1 Natural Resources on Earth

Living things

Resources on Earth
Non living things

4.2 Understanding Element, Compound and Mixture

Matter

Element

Compound

Mixture

Metal

Nonmetal

 Element: a substance that consists ___________________________ only. It is the _________________and _________ ___________ by any chemical or physical method.

Element

Element

Surface
Malleability

Ductility

Surface
The surface of metals are __________ _____________________ compared to nonmetals.

Malleability
Malleability is the __________

Ductility
Ductility is the _

Metals that lack ductility __

Heat Conductivity
The ability to Which material is easier to get hot? Metal or nonmetal material?

Electric conductivity
The ability of ______

Melting and boiling point Density

Most metals are ____________________ therefore it requires _________________ them. Since metals are mostly ________, their mass are _____________, thus their densities are all ____________.

Compound
two or more atoms _______________together. __________________________________ electrolysis or heating.

Mixture
combination of two or more substances ____________________ example : ________. Example: _____________________________.

Compound
Formation
Formation of new substance Properties of components

Mixture

Examples of mixtures

Filtration: to separate insoluble solids

Evaporation: to separate dissolved solid particles from its solvent

Distillation: to separate a solvent from a liquid or solidliquid mixture.

Using magnet: to separate substances which are attracted to a magnet from nonmagnetic substances.

Sieving: to separate mixture of solid substances with different sizes.

Extraction: to separate liquid substances that do not mix well and with different densities

4.3 Appreciating The Importance Of The Variety Of Earths Resources To Man.

Oxygen

Breathing, cell respiratin, combustion, burning

Carbon dioxide To put out fire, for photosynthe sis

Soil Habitat for many types of living things

Minerals Soil contains minerals and water which is vital for growing of plants

Fossil fuels To provide energy for household use, factories and power stations to generate electricity.

Water Regulates body temperature, controls the concentration of blood

Living things
As food, medicine, fibre, building materials, and so on.

 Conservation: --

Preservation:..

4.1 Natural Resources on Earth

Animals Living things Resources on Earth Non living things Plants

Air Water
Soil Petroleum Fossil fuels Coal Natural Gas

4.2 Understanding Element, Compound and Mixture

Matter

Element

Compound

Mixture

Metal

Nonmetal

Video 1: Elements http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0zION8xjbM

Element
one type of atom only. simplest matter

Atom

Molecule

Element
Element: a substance that consists one type of atom only. It is the simplest matter and cannot be separated by any chemical or physical method. one type of atom only. simplest matter

Atom

Molecule

Element

Metal - solid form except mercury (liquid) -Eg: calcium, copper, gold, lead

Non metal
-all states (solid, liquid and gas) at room temperature. -Eg: sulphur, carbon, bromine, oxygen

Classification of Element
Element
Metal - In solid form except for mercury (liquid) -Eg: calcium, copper, gold, lead

Non metal
-Exist in all states (solid, liquid and gas) at room temperature.

-Eg: sulphur, carbon, bromine, oxygen

Shiny
Malleable Ductile Good Good

Surface
Malleability Ductility Heat Conductivity Electric Conductivity

Dull
Not malleable Brittle Weak
Do not conduct, except Carbon

High
High

Melting and boiling point

Density

Low
Low

Surface
The surface of metals are usually shiny when polished compared to nonmetals.

Malleability
Malleability is the ability of a metal to be hammered, rolled, or pressed into various shapes without rupture or fracture.

Malleability

Ductility
Ductility is the ability of a metal to be bent or stretched permanently without rupture or fracture. Metals that lack ductility will crack or break before bending.

Ductility

Nonmetal- silicon

Metal- aluminium

Heat Conductivity
The ability to transfer heat. Which material is easier to get hot? Metal or nonmetal material?

 The ability of transferring electricity.

Electric conductivity

Type of material Wood/ Glass Copper Metal

Light bulb

Do not light Lights up Lights up

Melting and boiling point Density

Most metals are solid (except for mercury), therefore it requires more heat to melt them. Since metals are mostly solids, their mass are higher, thus their densities are all high.

Video 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=anRdgl4D5KI

Properties of metals

Compound
two or more atoms chemically combined together. separated through chemical reactions electrolysis or heating.

Compound
A compound is a substance that contains two or more atoms chemically combined together. The components in compound can only be separated through chemical reactions such as electrolysis or heating.

Mixture
combination of two or more substances mixed physically; example : stirring. Example: soil, air, petroleum, blood.

Mixture
A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that have been mixed physically; for example by stirring. A mixture may consists of elements, compounds or both.

Video 3: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cL6I1O1YHH0

Compound
Chemically formed
New substance is formed New properties Heat energy is released Can be separated chemically
Components that make up compound cannot be identified

Mixture
Formation
Formation of new substance Properties of components Conversion of energy Separation Identification of components

Physically mixed
No new substance is formed Retain its original properties Heat energy is not released Can be separated physically Components of mixture can be identified easily

Video 4: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q62UfP-ZADY

Electrolysis of Copper (II) Sulphate: Separating a compound

When sugar is heated, it will be broken into carbon and water

Examples of mixtures

Filtration: to separate insoluble solids

Evaporation: to separate dissolved solid particles from its solvent

Distillation: to separate a solvent from a liquid or solidliquid mixture.

Using magnet: to separate substances which are attracted to a magnet from nonmagnetic substances.

Sieving: to separate mixture of solid substances with different sizes.

Extraction: to separate liquid substances that do not mix well and with different densities

Chromatography: to separate coloured components in a mixture

4.3 Appreciating The Importance Of The Variety Of Earths Resources To Man.

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide To put out fire, for photosynthesis

Soil Habitat for many types of living things

Breathing, cell respiration, combustion , burning

Fossil fuels Minerals Soil contains minerals and water which is vital for growing of plants To provide energy for household use, factories and power stations to generate electricity. Water Regulates body temperature, controls the concentration of blood

Living things
As food, medicine, fibre, building materials, and so on.

 Conservation: involves the intelligent use and care of our resources.

Preservation: the act of keeping the resources in their original state.