HYPOTHESIS TESTING

Presented by,
Divyamathi T.
I MBA
DEFINITION
 Hypothesis :

Statement that may be judged as true of

false.
 Hypothesis Testing :

The process of testing sample data from a

statistical study to determine whether it is
consistent with what is known about the sample
population.
RESEARCH QUESTION

 Usually posed in the beginning of a research

effort
 Basic question about some issue or
phenomena or a question about the
relationship between two or more variables.
RESEARCH Q. HYPOTHESIS
 Eg. For research Q.
 "Do flexible work hours improve employee
productivity?“
 "How do flexible hours influence employees'
work?"
 The corresponding Hypothesis
 “Flexible work hours improve employee
productivity.” (True or False / Accept or
Reject)
BENEFITS OF HYPOTHESIS
 Determine the focus & direction for a
research effort.
 Development of a hypothesis forces the
researcher to clearly state the purpose of the
research activity.
 Determine what variables will not be
considered in a study, as well as those that will
be considered.
GOOD HYPOTHESIS SHOULD BE:

 Logically consistent
 Be in step with the current literature
and/or provide a good basis for any
differences.
 Be testable.
 Be stated in clear & simple terms in order
to reduce confusion.
TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS

Descriptive Hypothesis
Relational Hypothesis
Correlational Hypothesis
Causal hypothesis
TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS
TESTS
PARAMETRIC TESTS

 More powerful test

 Uses interval and ratio data
 From independent observations
 Uses statistical hypothesis testing

 Z- test
 T- test
 F-test
X test
2

 ANOVA
NON – PARAMETRIC TESTS

 Nominal & Ordinal data

 Independent as well as related cases
 Also uses interval & ratio data
 Easy to understand & use
 NON – PARAMETRIC TESTS
For Nominal Data: For Ordinal Data:

 Binomial or X 2 test  Konglomorov-Smirmov

test
(1 sample & 2 sample
case)
 Runs test
 Sign test
 McNemar test
 Fish
 Mann-Whitney U test
exact test
 Kruskal-Wallis test
 Cochran Q test