Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
TLV TWA
TLV-TWA The TWA concentration for a conventional 8-hour workday and a 40-hour work week, to which it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed, day after day, for a working lifetime without adverse effect. TWA (8-hr) = C1T1 + C2T2 +..CnTn 8
Assume exposure is zero in rest breaks 10301045, 12451330 & 15301545 8-hr TWA = (0.32 x 2.5) + (0.07 x 2) + (0.2 x 2) + (0.1 x 1.5) + (0 x 1.25) 8 = 0.8 + 0.14 + 0.4 + 0.15 + 0 8
= 0.19 mg/m3
TLV STEL
TLV-STEL is a 15 minute TWA exposure that
should not be exceeded at any time during a workday, even if the TWA is within TLV- TWA
TLV - C
TLV-C the concentration that should not be exceeded during any part of the working exposure If instantaneous measurements are not available, sampling should be conducted for the minimum period of time to detect exposures at or above ceiling value
Excursion Limits
Excursions limits are applied to TLV-TWAs that do NOT have TLV-STELs Excursions up to 3 x TLV-TWA - less than 30 min/day and NO excursions above 5 x TLV-TWA, providing TLV-TWA not exceeded (3 x WEL in UK) A process is not considered to be under reasonable control if these levels occur
Mixtures
When two or more hazardous substances have a similar toxicological effect on the same target system, their combined effect rather than that of either individually, should be considered
Where C1/TLV1 + C2/TLV2 ++ Cn/TLVn < 1
Additive Effect
Agent Acetone Full shift results Short term results (TLV-TWA) (TLV-STEL) 160 ppm (500) 490 ppm (750)
20 ppm (200)
90 ppm (200)
From the TLV basics column, the Documentation of the TLVs and BEIs all three substances indicate effects on respiratory system and would be considered additive
therefore 160/500 + 20/200 + 90/200 = 0.32 + 0.10 + 0.45 = 0.87 Hence full shift additive limit not exceeded
UK)
Units of Measure
Dusts
mg/m3
Where STP conditions are required (i.e. 20C not 25C) the equation is: Conc. in mg/m3 = Conc. in ppm x molecular weight 24.06