Irfana Omar

An Adjective Is
an adjective is a word whose main syntactic role is to

qualify a noun or noun phrase, giving more information about the object signified.

Adjectives before noun

We sometimes use more than one adjective before the noun:

I like big black dogs. She was wearing a beautiful long red dress. What is the correct order for two or more adjectives? 1. The general order is: opinion, fact: a nice French car (not a French nice car) ("Opinion" is what you think about something. "Fact" is what is definitely true about something.) 2. The normal order for fact adjectives is size, age, shape, colour, material, origin: a big, old, square, black, wooden Chinese table 3. Determiners usually come first, even though they are fact adjectives: articles (a, the) possessives (my, your...) demonstratives (this, that...) quantifiers (some, any, many,..) numbers (one, two, three)

Adjectives after verb

An adjective can come after some verbs, such as: be,

become, feel, get, look, seem, smell, sound Even when an adjective comes after the verb and not before a noun, it always refers to and qualifies the subject of the sentence, not the verb. Look at the examples below: subject verb adjective Ram is English. Because she had to wait, she became impatient. Is it getting dark? This towel feels damp. That new film doesn't sound very interesting. Dinner smells good tonight. This milk tastes sour. It smells bad. Your friend looks nice.

Degrees of adjectives
Positive Rich Lovely Beautiful Comparative Richer Lovelier More beautiful Superlative Richest Loveliest Most beautiful

Irregular comparative and superlative forms Good

Bad Little Far

Better
Worse Less Further

Best
Worst Least Most Furthest

Much, many, some More

Comparative adjectives
We use comparative adjectives when talking about 2 things

(not 3 or 10 or 1,000,000 things, only 2 things). Often, the comparative adjective is followed by "than". Look at these examples: John is 1m80. He is tall. But Chris is 1m85. He is taller than John. America is big. But Russia is bigger. I want to have a more powerful computer. Is French more difficult than English? If we talk about the two planets Earth and Mars, we can compare them as shown in the table below: Mars is smaller than Earth. Mars is more distant from the Sun. A day on Mars is slightly longer than a day on Earth. Mars has more moons than Earth. Mars is colder than Earth.

Superlative adjectives
We use a superlative adjective to describe one thing in a

group of three or more things. Look at these examples: John is 1m75. David is 1m80. Chris is 1m85. Chris is the tallest. Canada, China and Russia are big countries. But Russia is the biggest. Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world. If we talk about the three planets Earth, Mars and Jupiter, we can use superlative adjectives as shown in the table below: Earth Mars Jupiter : Jupiter is the biggest. Jupiter is the most distant from the Sun. Jupiter has the shortest day. Jupiter has the most moons. Jupiter is the coldest.

Order of adjectives in a series

The categories in the following table can be described as follows: Determiners articles and other limiters. Observation postdeterminers and limiter adjectives (e.g., a real hero, a perfect idiot) and adjectives subject to subjective measure (e.g., beautiful, interesting) Size and Shape adjectives subject to objective measure (e.g., wealthy, large, round) Age adjectives denoting age (e.g., young, old, new, ancient) Colour adjectives denoting colour (e.g., red, black, pale) Origin denominal adjectives denoting source of noun (e.g., French, American, Canadian) Material denominal adjectives denoting what something is made of (e.g., woolen, metallic, wooden) Qualifier final limiter, often regarded as part of the noun (e.g., rocking chair, hunting cabin, passenger car, book cover)

The Royal orders of Adjectives

Determin ers Observati ons Physical description Origin Material Qualifier Noun Size A An Four Beautiful Expensive Gorgeous Longstemmed Short Big Square Dilapidate d Little Enormous Delicious Young American Thai Old Shape Age Old Antique Red Color Italian Silver Silk Touring Car Mirror Roses

Her Our Those That Several Some

Black English Wooden Hat Hunting basketball

Hair Sheepdog Boxes Cabin Players Food

Gradable and Non-gradable Adjectives

Adjectives describe qualities (characteristics) of nouns. Some qualities can vary in intensity or grade (for example: rather hot, hot, very hot; hot, hotter, the hottest). The adjective hot is gradable.
Other qualities cannot vary in intensity or grade because

they are: extremes (for example: freezing) absolutes (for example: dead) classifying (for example: nuclear) The adjectives freezing, dead and nuclear are nongradable.

Gradable Adjectives
A gradable adjective can be used with "grading adverbs" that vary the adjective's grade or intensity. Look at these examples:
grading adverbs a little, dreadfully, extremely, fairly, hugely, immensely, intensely, reasonably, slightly,.. gradable adjectives angry, big, busy, clever cold deep, fast, good, high, hot, long, popular,

A gradable adjective can also have comparative and superlative forms: big, bigger, the biggest hot, hotter, the hottest important, more important, the most important

Look at these example sentences: My teacher was very happy with my homework. That website is reasonably popular. But this one is more popular. He said that Holland was a little cold and Denmark was rather cold. But Sweden was the coldest.

Non-gradable Adjectives
A non-gradable adjective cannot be used with grading adverbs: It was rather freezing outside. The dog was very dead.

He is investing in slightly nuclear energy.

Non-gradable adjectives do not normally have comparative and

superlative forms: freezing, more freezing, the most freezing dead, deader, the deadest nuclear, more nuclear, the most nuclear
Often, non-gradable adjectives are used alone:
It was freezing outside. The dog was dead. He is investing in nuclear energy.

Try it now

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the adjective.

1. Jeremy is 10 years old. Julie is 8 years old. Jeremy is (old)__________________Julie 2. The Alps are very high. They are (high) ____________________ mountains in Europe. 3. An ocean is (large) _____________________ a sea. 4. A Rolls Royce costs a lot of money. A Twingo costs less money. A Rolls Royce is (expensive) ________________________ a Twingo. 5. John's results were bad. Fred's results were very poor. Fred's results were (bad) _______________ John's. 6. This exercise is not difficult. It's (easy) _____________________ I expected. 7. The weather is not good today - it's raining. I hope the weather will be (good) _______________ next week. 8. People are not friendly in big cities. They are usually (friendly) ____________________ in small towns. 9. In the government of a country, the President is (important) _____________________ person. 10. People say that Chinese is (difficult) ____________________to learn than English.

Try degrees of comparison

1. The town is just as (large) as my native one. 2.

The road was. (long) than we had expected. 3. The girl is very (intelligent). 4. As soon as they understood that the second book was. (boring) than the first one, they changed their mind. 5. The shop is.. (far) than the school. 6. Ventspils is .. (far) town in Latvia I have been to. 7. Tim is (intelligent) than Pat. 8. The heat is less . (harmful) than the cold. 9. This song is (beautiful) one in the world! 10. They are as.... (stubborn) as donkeys! 11. The weather today is ............. (bad) than the weather yesterday but not as .. (bad) as it was four days ago. 12. The story was (exciting) one I have ever heard. 13. They were less . (tired) than we. 14. George bought a. (new) car than he could ever imagine. 15. The mark is a . (good) than I expected.

 16. They are very (upset) with the results. 17. She is . (polite) than me. 18. The boy is. (fast) runner of all.

19. It is as ..(pleasant) as a greeting card.

20.The movie was (interesting) than the book. 21. The price will be less. (aggressive) than the previous time. 22.The nature is. (important) than making profit.

23.The cake is just as. (sweet) as the ice-cream.

24.Sometimes friends are . (devoted) than relatives. 25.Planes are .. (convenient) means of travelling of all. 26.Some cars are .. (expensive) than others.

27.The jeans are very .(dirty) in fact they are.. (dirty) than the trousers.
28.Acandle gives (little) than a lamp. 29.This blanket . (warm) than that blanket. 30.The dog is (angry) than its master.

Choose the correct response .

.

1. My father is as (strong, stronger, strongest) as his father.

2. She is (pretty, prettier, prettiest) than her sister.

3. You are not as (tall, taller, tallest) as your brother. . 4. That pond is the (shallow, shallower, shallowest) in this area

5. That has to be the (interesting, more interesting, most interesting) film I have seen.
6. Which university offers (the good, the better, the best) degree courses. 7. This clown is not as (funny, funnier, funniest) as the other one .

8. He is easily the (bad, worse, worst) player in the team.

9.. The second half of the play was (little, less, the least) interesting. 10. What is (far, farther, the farthest) distance you have ever run?