Chinese ring of steel around

India
NORTH OF INDIA : In Occupied
Tibet
China has constructed 13 air bases
Lays Gormo-Laksha oil pipeline to ease its
problem of supplying fuel to its forces in
Tibet
Constructs rail link to Lasha which will
address its supply problems to its forces in
Tibet.
IN THE NORTH AND CLOSE TO
KASHMIR
The People's Liberation Army is setting
up at least two offensively configured,
armour-heavy mechanised corps
modelled after the Soviet Operational
Manoeuvre Groups of the 1980s. Using
Xinjiang as their springboard, they will
'become China's new strategic weapon'
CHINA IN INDIA’S NORTHWEST :
PAKISTAN
China supplies 70 percent of military
aircraft and Main Battle Tanks (MBT) to
Pakistan.
Almost every missile project in Pakistan
has been initiated through active Chinese
or North Korean assistance
China has supplied Pakistan with over
1,600 main battle tanks, 400 combat
aircraft and about 40 naval vessels
 CHINA IN INDIA’S WEST
Gwadar port in Pakistan, being developed by China
is one of the world's largest deep-sea ports that will
double Pakistan's sea-trading capacity.It already
houses a Chinese electronic listening post .

Gwadar, will not only arm Pakistan with critical

strategic depth against a 1971-style Indian attempt to
bottle up its navy, but it will also open the way to the
arrival of Chinese submarines in India's proximity,
completing India's strategic encirclement by Beijing.
GWADAR DEEP WATER PORT
CHINA LINKS INDIA’S NORTH
AND WEST
Karakoram highway : Beijing is reinforcing
the strategic significance of Gwadar by
linking it up with the Chinese built
Karakoram Highway (through POK) to
western China using the Chinese-aided
Gwadar-Dalbandin railway extending up to
Rawalpindi
K
A
R
A
K
O
R
A
M

H
I
G
H
W
A
Y
 IN THE SOUTH
Hambantota : China is attempting to
build a container port in Sri Lanka at
Hambantota
Project 094 : By 2010, China intends to
put into service four to six nuclear-
powered ballistic-missile submarines
that it is building as part of the so-
called 'Project 094‘.These are obviously
meant to patrol the Indian ocean.
Proposed Port in Sri Lanka

Proposed Chinese Military Port at Hambantaka

 China’s top naval priority
-Submarine acquisition

China’s Kilo class submarine

Acquired from Russia
Type 92 XIA class

Submarines are ideal for blockading a country with large coastlines

Indian ocean: China’s Ocean ?
China is rapidly modernizing its blue water navy
to achieve its aim of ‘power projection’. It has a
large submarine force of some 71 submarines,
though it lacks enough aircraft carriers
China is embarking on a $10 billion submarine
acquisition and upgrade program and is buying
destroyers and frigates and equipping them with
modern antiship cruise missiles
 Chinese Naval Power :
DESTINATION – THE INDIAN
OCEAN
Made in China.

Luda class
Luhai Class destroyer

Bought from
Russia

Chinese naval gun similar to

Sovremenny class destroyer US Gatling cannon
Bangladesh : China’s Pakistan in
our east
Bangladesh’s Armed Forces today are
predominantly equipped with Chinese
military hardware. The Bangladesh Army’s
tanks and light tanks are of Chinese origin.
The Bangladesh Navy’s frigates and patrol
crafts are mostly Chinese. The
Bangladesh Air Force's combat aircraft
are all Chinese. In short China has forged
Bangladesh into a military-equipment
client state like Pakistan.
Bangladesh : Another Chinese link
Bangladesh-China Defence Co-
operation Agreement: Signed between
Bangladesh and China during the visit of
Bangladesh Prime Minister,the staunchly
anti-Indian Begum Khaleda Zia ‘s visit to
China from December 23 to 27, 2002.
Implications of Bangladesh China
agreement
Bangladesh has plans to expand, upgrade and
modernize her armed forces.
China is willing to under-write Bangladesh’s military
plans above.
The emphasis on “to enhance cooperation in training,
maintenance and some areas in defense production”
should normally imply ‘induction of more modern military
hardware, as these activities would not be applicable to
older generation of military hardware.
Deliberate secrecy and ambiguity has been maintained
in terms of the scope of the agreement. This gives
leeway for widening the strategic cooperation in the
future.
Burma : China’s closest ally in our
East
China has developed close ties to the military regime in
Rangoon and turned a nation wary of China into a
"satellite" of Beijing close to the Strait of Malacca.
China is building naval bases in Burma and has
electronic intelligence gathering facilities on islands in
the Bay of Bengal and near the Strait of Malacca. Beijing
also supplied Burma with "billions of dollars in military
assistance to support a de facto military alliance,"
They have opened up the old Burma-China road as well
as the Irrawady river for traffic. These will facilitate rapid
troop movement as and when required.
IRRAWADDY CORRIDOOR
IN THE EAST : COCO ISLANDS
The electronic intelligence station on Great Coco
Island in the Bay of Bengal, some 300 kms
south of the Burmese mainland, is the most
important Chinese electronic intelligence
installation in Myanmar [Burma].
The Coco Islands are an ideal location for
monitoring Indian naval and missile launch
facilities in Andaman and Nicobar Islands to the
south and movements of the Indian Navy and
other navies throughout the eastern Indian
Ocean.
 Maoist Nepal : Chinese Proxy
A Maoist Nepal under Chinese influence
could bring Chinese military presence on
Bihar’s and Uttar Pradesh’s borders with
Nepal. This would entail sizeable Indian
military deployments on the Indo-Nepal
border.