PRE-MEDICAL STUDIES

PHYSICAL & ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (Semester 2)

Prepared by: Mrs. Shyamala Devi.A.

SYLLABUS
Electrochemistry Reaction kinetics Introduction to organic chemistry Hydrocarbons Haloalkanes Hydroxy compounds Aromatic compounds Carbonyl compounds Carboxylic acids and derivatives Amines and derivatives

CHAPTER 1 - ELECTROCHEMISTRY Introduction Voltaic cell Cell voltage Standard electrode potential Standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) Electrolysis - introduction Electrolysis of molten salt and aqueous solution Uses of electrolysis

CHAPTER 2 REACTION KINETICS Introduction Rate law Integrated rate equations Collision theory Arrhenius equation

CHAPTER 3 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Introduction to organic compounds Bonding of carbon atom Classification of carbon atoms Isomerism Hybridization Types of reactions

CHAPTER 4 - HYDROCARBONS
ALKANES Introduction to alkanes Naming of alkanes and cycloalkanes Physical properties of alkanes Reactions of alkanes - combustion - halogenation (mechanism of free radical substitution)

Continued
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Cracking of alkanes

Sources of alkanes
ALKENES Introduction to alkenes Naming of alkenes Physical properties of alkenes

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Reactions of alkenes Halogenation Reaction with hydrogen halides (Markownikoffs rule) Reaction with sulphuric acid Hydrogenation Hydration Oxidation Sources of alkene

CHAPTER 5 - HALOALKANES
Introduction to haloalkanes Classification of haloalkanes Physical properties Reactions of haloalkanes - reaction with cyanide ion - reaction with ammonia - reaction with silver nitrate - alkaline hydrolysis

Continued
Esterification Ether formation Elimination Grignard reagent Sources of haloalkanes

CHAPTER 6 HYDROXY COMPOUNDS

ALCOHOL Introduction Naming of alcohols Classification of alcohols Physical properties of alcohol Making alcohols

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Reactions of alcohol - reaction with hydrogen halides - reaction with phosphorus halides - reaction with sulphur dichloride oxide - oxidation - esterification - reaction with triiodomethane - dehydrogenation

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PHENOL Introduction Physical & chemical properties of phenol Reactions of phenol - reaction with bromine water - reaction with nitric acid - reduction Manufacturing phenol

CHAPTER 7 AROMATIC COMPOUNDS

Introduction to benzene & methylbenzene Physical properties of benzene & methylbenzene Preparation of benzene & methylbenzene

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Reactions of benzene & methylbenzene - nitration - halogenation - Friedel-Crafts acylation - Friedel-Crafts alkylation - combustion - sulphonation - oxidation

CHAPTER 8 CARBONYL COMPOUNDS

Introduction Physical properties Making aldehydes and ketones Reactions of aldehydes and ketones - addition of hydrogen cyanide - addition of aqueous sodium hydrogen sulphate (IV) - reduction - oxidation - with triiodomethane - with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine

CHAPTER 9 CARBOXYLIC ACID & ITS DERIVATIVES CARBOXYLIC ACID Introduction Making carboxylic acids Reactions: - esterifications - reduction - halogenation - oxidation - dehydration

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Acyl chloride - Introduction - Making acyl chlorides - Reactions: - with ammonia and amines - with alcohol and phenol - hydrolysis

Continued
Esters - Introduction - Reactions - hydrolysis - saponification

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Amides - Introduction - Reaction - hydrolysis - dehydration - Hoffmann degradation - reduction

CHAPTER 10 - AMINES
Introduction Classification of amines Making amines Reaction with nitrous acid

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