GIS ANALYSIS AND MODELLING

Model

Model may be represented by 1. words 2. Mathematical equations 3. a set of spatial relationships displayed as a map or stored in a computer hardware and software of GIS. Models are designed to imitate only selected aspects of reality .

GIS DATA BASE MODEL

This is a real world that can be used to mimic certain aspects of reality . To imitate behaviour a model must represent certain entities (i.e. things) and relationships amongh them (i.e. rules that govern how they interact ) . Entities : names of individuals and list of properties Relationships : Mortages, mortagator and owner ( model for land ownership)

Model

Model becomes costlier to use and maintain and complex if it takes more factors into consideration. A complex model may or may not give better answers and depends on questions to be addressed. Models are used when it is not convenient and not possible to collect information directly.

Model

It is easy to measure a distance of a map rather than go and measure. It is not possible to measure that a forest can grow in 100 years. The value in using a model that it can be tested and manipulated more conveniently at a faster or slower rate and less expensively than the conditions mimics

Model
In many cases the model tests or analyses repeatedly alternate senarios, such as effectiveness of an emergency evaluation plan in responsible to different kinds of solutuions. The model predicts what is going to be basedon 1. what is now and 2. What is existed some time back in the past GIS can carry all these functions through their GIS functions. Ex: Effect on traffic flow by closing a city street.

Model

The ability of model what will occur provide the opportunity to select the best alternative. A GIS can use spatial analysis of What is best? To get the best answers from the information available requires a systematic framing of the questions to be addressed. In order to find useful answers one should ask the right questions, working backwards through analysis is often good approach i.e. begin at the end

Categorizing Questions, Functions and Answers in GIS Analysis

A pattern in current data It uses predicting Houses valued over 100000 Model. Predicting the What are the Change in the stream o Finding new Constrained Patterns in the Data Flow of water shed if Patterns on current query Predicting services A forest is removed. That lost during data Predict Funct Ques Ans floods New cat cat What could cat mod inf Be the data eling In another place Time or under different Presentation What are Storage and conditions Of current The data retrieval data Plotting of all lots Presentation What is the name and With houses valued Of current data Address of present Over 100000 Ex. Map of a city streets owner

Classification of GIS analysis functions

1. Maintenance and Analysis of the Spatial Data 2. Maintenance and Analysis of Non Spatial Data 3.Integrated Analysis of Spatial And Non Spatial data 4. Output formatting.

1.Maintenance And Analysis of the Spatial Data

1.1. Format transformations 1.2. Geometric Transformations 1.3. Transformations between porjections 1.3. Conflation 1.4. Edge Matching 1.5. Editing of Graphic Elements 1.6. Line Coordinate Thinning

2.Maintenance and Analysis of Non Spatail Data

2.1.Attribute Editing Functions 2.2. Attribute Query Functions

3.Integrated analysis of Spatial And Non spatial data

3.1.Retrieval Calssification and measurement 3.2. Overlay operations 3.3. Neighborhood operations 3.4. Connecting functions

3.1.Retrieval Calssification and measurement

3.1.1 Retrieval 3.1.2. Classification 3.1.3 Measurement

3.3. Neighbourhood operations

3.3.1. Search 3.3.2. Line in Polygon and Point in Polygon 3.3.3. Topographic Functions 3.3.4. Thissen polygons 3.3.5. Interpolation 3.3.6. Contour Generation

3.4. Connecting functions

3.4.1 Contiguity measures 3.4.2. Proximity 3.4.3. Network 3.4.4. Spread 3.4.5. Seek 3.4.6. Illumination 3.4.7. Perspective view

4. Output formatting

4.1. Map Annotation 4.2. Text Labels 4.3. Texture Patterns And Line Styles 4.4. Graphic Symbols