Presented by

SOWMYA.M
4SM05EE030
Dept. of E&E
CONTENTS

1.INTRODUCTION
2.WHY WIND ENERGY IS REQUIRED?
3. POWER IN THE WIND
4. BASIC COMPONENTS OF WECS
5. THE TECHNICAL ANALYSIS
5.1 Induction Generator
5.2 SYNCHRONOUS GENERARATOR
5.3 SYNCHRONOUSMACHINE WITHOUT
GEAR
6. CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
• Wind or air in motion contains the “kinetic energy”,which is
converted into mechanical power by
means of a wind turbine.
• wind strikes in wind turbine blade as shown the fig-1.
• The wind turbine is connected to a generator
for producing electricity.
• The potential for wind energy is immense,and
experts suggest wind power can supply up to
20% of world electricity
• Betz’ law
 WHY WIND ENERGY IS REQUIRED?
1.The Cheapest source of electrical energy
2. Wind Turbine Technology is available which is technically
feasible.
3. No marketing risks, as the product is Electrical energy.
4. Wind Energy is considered as an important input for the
economic development of any country.
5. This led to a search for environmental friendly renewable
Energy sources.
6. Wind mill can be constructed near the load centre.
7. Wind mill can be immediately erected with in one month.
8. Can supply up to 20% of electricity demand.
 POWER IN THE WIND
 power is equal to energy per unit time.
 energy available is the kinetic energy of the wind.
 The kinetic energy of any particle is equal to one half its
mass times the square of its velocity or ½ mV*V .
 Amount of air passing in unit time ,through an area ‘A’, with
velocity ’V’, is A*V, and its mass ‘m’, is equal to its volume
multiplied by its density ‘r’ of air , i.e. ” m= ρ AV”.
 An aeroturbine with a large swept area has higher power
than a smaller area machine.
 There fore available wind power “Pa= 1/2 ρ AV^3”.
BASIC COMPONENTS OF WECS
 The main components of
WECS are shown in the
below block diagram form.
 Aero turbines convert
energy in moving air to
rotary mechanical energy. In
general, they require pitch
control proper operation. A
mechanical interface
consisting of a step up gear
and a suitable coupling
transmits the rotary
mechanical energy to an FIG.2: Block Diagram of
electrical generator. Basic components of wind
Electric systems
 THE TECHNICAL ANALYSIS:
Induction Generator:
 The electrical power by the induction generator and is transmitted
to grid by the stator winding.
 The stator winding is connected to the grid by the wind turbine.
 The pitch angle is controlled in order to limit the generator out put
power to its nominal value for high wind speeds.
 But the speed variation is typically so small that the wind turbine
induction generator is considered to be a fixed speed wind
generator.
 The reactive power absorbed by the induction generator is provided
by the grid or by the some devices like capacitor banks, SUC,
STATCOM or synchronous condenser.
 It acts like load of its rated power at time of starting the flow this
energy conversion
Working principle of induction Generator
•When wind changes its direction wind wane senses
direction of wind and sends the signal to controller. Then it
sends signal to the yaw motor. Yaw motor will bring the
wind turbine blades perpendicular to the flow of wind.
Output of turbine is connected to high speed generator
through the low speed shaft and gear mechanism.
•When wind velocity is less than minimum velocity
required to run the turbine and greater than maximum
permissible velocity, then pitch control turns the blades
parallel to the wind direction, then wind turbine will
shutdown.
Wind machine with a gear system

Figure-3: Wind machine with a gear

 Advantages AND Disadvantages:
Advantages:
 1. Can generate more than rated o/p power

 2. It is a self-starting type machine.

 3. Mechanical interface can be easily attached.

 4. It is robust in construction & maintenance is easy.

Disadvantages:
 1.Works at low p.f.

 2. It draws magnetizing current from the grid.

 3. Power factor improvement equipment must be connected with it.

 Needs gear and coupling mechanism.

 5. Once the problem occurs in the gear system, maximum time is required for
maintenance
 6. Interruption of supply

 7. Cost of maintain is more.

 SYNCHRONOUS GENERARATOR:

 Wind turbine which uses synchronous generator

normally use electromagnet in the rotor, which are fed by
direct current from the grid. Since the grid supplies
alternating current, they first have to convert ac to dc,
before sending it into the coil windings around the
electromagnets in the rotor. The electromagnets are
connected to the current by using brushes &slip rings on
the shaft of the generator.

Figure-4: Block Diagram of a wind Electric system for Gearless machine

Figure-4: Block Diagram of a wind

Electric system for Gearless machine
Working principle

 Yaw drives controls the rotation of the turbine

depending upon the wind velocity and pitch drives
controls the blades position depending upon the wind
direction.
 Turbine is directly coupled to the generator, when D.C
excitation is supplied to the rotor Winding flux will be
produced. E.m.f will be induced in the stator of the
generator, when flux cut by the stator conductors as
shown below in figure
SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE WITHOUT GEAR

1.Rotor blade
2.Wind measurement
device
3.Synchronous Generator
4.Winch
5.Nacelle control cabinet
6.Yaw drives
7.Blade adapter
8.Pitch drive
a). Single-line diagram of Synchronous machine connected to
grid
Figure-6: Single-line diagram of Synchronous machine connected to grid.
Advantages AND Disadvantages:
Advantages:
1. Draw less power from grid at time of starting.
2. Work at leading and lagging p.f.
3. Helps grid in p.f. Improvement.
4. Can generate power at low wind speed.
5. No gear and coupling mechanism required.
Disadvantages:
1. Cannot generate more than its rated o/p.
2. Maintenance is difficult.
3. It is costlier
4. Most of the problems occur at electronic interface.
CONCLUSION:
But the main disadvantage with induction machine is it acts as a
load of same rating at the time of start and hence draw huge amount
of reactive power and works at low power factor and main problem
occur in the gear system of induction machine where as
synchronous machine draws very less amount of power at the time
of starting for excitation and works on the leading power factor.
Hence synchronous machine is grid friendly, Both the machines
need grid supply for generating power, when ever grid fails not
possible to generate power even when required wind is available.
But if we use permanent magnet generator we can generate power
without grid supply there fore permanent magnet generator is more
suitable for wind machine compare to the above two wind energy
conversion systems