The China-Pakistan

Military Axis
 Pakistan’s Strategic Friend
 During every war with Pakistan,
China has moved the PLA ( People’s
Liberation Army) towards India and
thus forced India to divert substantial
forces to the Chinese border.
 Even during the Kargil conflict
satellite images showed weapon
shipments moving along the
Karakoram highway from China into
Pakistan.
 China is Pakistan’s main weapon
supplier.
 China supplies 70 percent of military
aircraft and Main Battle Tanks (MBT)
to Pakistan.
 Almost every missile project in
Pakistan has been initiated through
active Chinese or North Korean
assistance
 China has supplied Pakistan with
over 1,600 main battle tanks, 400
combat aircraft and about 40 naval
vessels
 Year Aircraft Armour/Artillery Naval Vessels
1965 4 MiG-15 Trainers 80 T-59 MBTs not known
4 IL-28 Bombers
1966 not known not known
40 F-6 Fighters

n
210 T-59 MBTs 12 SHANGHAI PBs
4 HUCHUANta
1970-73 80 F-6 Fighters
53 T-63 LTs FACs
i s t
159 T-59 MBTs ak PBs
1973-76 15 F-6 Fighters P
2 HAINAN
200 T-531 APCs
t o
150 T-59 MBTs
e s
1977-79 24 F-4 Fighters 200 130 MM TGs pli not known
up
s
50 122 MM SPHs
150 T-59 m s
r
MBTs
50 a
2 HAINAN PBs
1980-82 20 F-6 Fighters
a l122 MM MRS
T-60 LTs
4 HEGU FACs
i o n
50
1983-85 42 Q-5 Fighters nt 150 T-59 MBTs 4 HUANGFEN FACs
n ve 200 T-59 MBTs
1986-88
o
98 Q-5 Fighters
c
not known
1988-89
se
60 F-7 Fighters 200 T-59 MBTs 2 ROMEO CLASS
i n eknown
1990-92
hnot 125 T-59 MBTs not known
1992-93 r C not known 97 MBTs not known
a
1993-94 jo 40 Fighters 35 MBTs not known
M
 Chinese help in setting up Pak
Military infrastructure
 China helped build the Heavy Rebuild
Factory (HRF) at Taxila which served
to overhaul and upgrade Chinese
supplied Type-59 , 69 MBTs.
 Pakistan Aeronautical Complex at
Kamra was established with Chinese
assistance.
 The F-6 Rebuild Factory for Pak air
force, established as a turnkey
project by China, became
operational in November 1980.
 Chinese hand assists Pak military
machine
 The Light Aircraft Manufacturing Factory
(LAMF), another turnkey project completed
by China in June 1981, was meant for
producing complete airframes and
eventual production of light aircraft
 The Heavy Mechanical Complex (HMC), the
biggest undertaking in Pakistan, was set
up at Taxila in 1979 with the help of
Chinese assistance and expertise
 The Heavy Forge Factory (HFF) at this
complex has proved crucial for Pakistan's
defence production needs.
 Weapons development MOU
 Current military cooperation between
the two countries operates under the
provisions of the June 1990, Sino-Pak
Memorandum of Understanding
(MoU) for a ten-year cooperation in
procurement, R & D, technology
transfer and co-production. This MOU
has since been extended.
 Weapons development against
whom ?
 Al-Khalid MBT: The ‘indigenous’
development of the MBT Al Khalid (MBT-
2000) in Pakistan was started with the help
of the Chinese. Primary prototypes
produced and fielded in China for trials in
August 1991.
 The Karakoram-8 (or K-8) trainer/fighter
was a joint venture between the China
National Aerotechnology Import Export
Corporation (CATIC), China Nanchang
Aircraft Manufacturing Company (CNAMC)
and the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex
(PAC)
 Weapons development against
whom ?
 The Super-7 ( FC-1) was originally a
joint project for preliminary design
between CATIC and Grumman (USA).
After the Tiananmen Square
massacre of 1989, US company
pulled out. In 1992, to revive this
project the the Chinese signed a
fresh contract with PAC and the
development of this fighter has
continued ever since.
 Pakistan’s ‘indigenous’ missiles..
 Collaboration in the area of longer range missiles
with the Chinese began once Pakistan became
involved in financing Chinese M-9 and M-11
missiles programmes.
 According to the Deputy Director of the CIA, John
E. McLaughlin, North Korea( A Chinese satellite
state) transferred the 1,300 km-range Nodong
ballistic missile to Pakistan. This was renamed as
Haft.
 India's Scientific Advisor to the Defense Minister
states that Pakistan's Babur missile resulted from
the transfer of technology from China's state-
owned China National Precision Machinery Import
and Export Corp. (CPMIEC) to Pakistan's state-
owned National Development Complex (NDC).
 K-8

FC-1 F7-P

T-69 TANK

AL KHALID MBT

Images of Collaboration HAFT -II