Kinetic theory of gases states that particles in a

matter are always MOVING or VIBRATING. Gas particles in a container COLLIDE with each other and with the walls of the container all the time. Air or gases are matter that have particles that move randomly in ALL direction.

- Gas particles in a container are always COLLIDING

with the walls of the container. These collision result in a GAS PRESSURE. - Gas pressure in a closed container increases when the particles in the container move FASTER and collide more FREQUENTLY with the walls of container.

 The Earth is surrounded by a thick layer of air called

ATMOSPHERE. The air in the atmosphere has mass . Air in the atmosphere has particles that are continually moving and colliding with things on Earth. These collisions produce AIR PRESSURE. Air presses down on all things in the Earth's surface. The pressure exerted by air is known as air pressure or atmospheric pressure.

 The features of air pressure are :

(a) acts in all direction (b) changes from one place to another (c) decreases the higher you go above ground level. This feature exists :(because at high place, the amount on air decreases. This explains why the air pressure on the top of a mountain is lower that at the foot of the mountain.)

 Change with temperature. The HIGHER the

temperature, the HIGHER the air pressure. Change with volume. The LOWER the volume, the HIGHER the temperature. Summary
Aspects Height of a place Temperature Volume Low High air pressure Low air pressure High air pressure High Low air pressure High air pressure Low air pressure

Proof to show the existence of air pressure

C) A straw is partly submerged into a beaker and its top is covered with a finger. Then the straw is withdrawn from the water.

Observation : 1. A column of water remains in the straw. 2. This shows that there is a force supporting the column of water. When the finger is removed, the column of water flows out.

d) i) A soft can drink is filled with a small amount of water. ii) The can is heated until the water in it boil vigorously. iii) Then the can is removed from flame and immediately inverted and lowered into water.

 The soft drink can collapse or crushes inwards.

This is because there is large force acting on the can

from all directions.

Factors that influence air pressure

1. Air is a mixture of gases made up of particles that move randomly in all directions. 2. Air pressure increases when air is heated. This is because the air particles obtain more energy and collide with the walls of the container more vigorously.

3. When air compressed, air particles collide with the walls of the container more frequently and this makes the air pressure increase. 4. The increasing volume of gas ( adding of gases) in the container increases air pressure.

1) Syringe

The piston is pulled upwards to increase the volume

of air in the barrel. The increase in the volume of the barrel will cause the air pressure in the barrel decrease. The higher air pressure outside the syringe forces the liquid through the nozzle into the barrel.

2) Spraying pump

3) Siphon

4) Drinking straw

5) Filter pump

6) Sucker Hook

7) Dropper

1) Clearing a blocked pipe

2) Pouring condensed milk

It is hard to pour out a can of condensed milk if one

hole is made.

 This is because the milk that flows out of the can

reduces the pressure inside the can. The higher air pressure outside prevents the milk from coming out. This problem can be solved if another hole is made on the opposite side of first hole. This second hole enables air to enter and push the milk out from the first hole.

 When a gas is placed under high pressure, is changes

and becomes a liquid.

The liquid will become a gas again when the

pressure is released. Example of gases under high pressure. a) Oxygen gas tank is used in hospitals, diving and etc.

 Hydrogen gas is used for welding and as rocket fuel.

a) Welding machine

b) rocket

c) Liquefied Petroleum Gas ( LPG) is used as fuel at home and vehicles. d) Carbon dioxide is used in fire extinguishers.

(c)

(d)

(e)