PHARMACO LOGY

IMM UNE SYSTE M

DRUGS

JULIA LEONOR HUARINGA

LAGOMARSINO, RN
February 13, 2009

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 IMMUN E SY STE M D RUG S
ANTI-INF ECTIVES

IZONIAZID ETHAMBUTOL
INH Myambutol

PYRAZINAMIDE RIFAMPIN
PMS Rifadin
Rofact
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 THERAP EUT IC-
PHARMACOLOG IC CLAS S
•Antitubercular
•Bacteriostatic,
•Bactericidal
ADVERSE REACTIONS
SIDE EFFECTS
CNS: Psychosis ,seizures, optic • Take the medication exactly as directed,
neuritis
EENT: visual disturbances.
GI: Drug induced, hepatitis, nausea, decrease in vision. Take pyridoxine(B6) to
vomiting
DERM: Rashes.
ENDO: Gynecomastia.
HEMAT: Bone marrow changes .
MI SCE LAN IE : Fever
NEURO: Pheripheral neuropathy.
DRUG THAT BEGING WITH “R” ••Monitor
CAUSES URINE TO BE
DISCOLORED RED(r=red)
IN DICAT IO NS
• First line of active tuberculosis, in
combination with other agents (Multi-drugs
regimen prevents resistance
• Preventive treatment(expose to active
TB)may be accomplished with
monotheraphy).
ACTION
•Bacteriostatic,
•Bactericidal KEEP IN MIND
Teach the client:
Therapy may be continued for 6 month to 2
year.
•Report numbness of extremities or
decrease neuropathy.
•Avoid the use the alcohol.
•Avoid tyramine-containing foods.
•Maintain appointments for regular follow-
MAKE THE CONNECTION
up.
Be aware CBS withmay
the urine differential, liver
change color(“r”
function
drug= red)test, and uric acid levels.
•Teach the client carefully about the
regimen public health concerns, and
possible side effects.
•Monitor vision and for nerve pain/ 3
paresthesias.
 IMMUN E SY STE M D RUG S
ANTI-INF ECTIVES

FLUCONAZOLE AMPHOTERICIN B
(Diflucan)
DEOXYCHOLATE
(Fungizone,
Amphotec )

TERBINAFINE Ketoconazole
(Lamisil) (Systemic)
Nizoral
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 THERAP EUTIC IN DICAT IO NS
PHARM ACO LOG IC CLA SS • PO
•Antifungal (Systemic) • Treatment of fungal infections caused by
AC TI ON susceptible organisms.
•Fungistatic: At regular doses.
• Fungicidal: At higher doses.
ADVERSE REACTIONS KEEP IN MIND
SIDE EFFECTS Teach the client:
CNS: Headache, dizziness, tremor, • Take medication as directed.
seizures. • Notify health - care professional if skin
rash, abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea,
GI: Hepatotoxicity, abdominal discomfort,
unusual fatigue, anorexia, nausea,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting.
vomiting, jaundice, unusual bruising,
DERM: Exfoliate skin disorders.
bleeding, palpitations, dark urine, or pale
ENDO: Hypocalcemia, Hypocalcemia, stools occur.
Hypomagnesaemia, Hypertriglyceridimia. • Report development of a rash
CV: Hypotension, arrhytmias, with immediately.
amphotericin B
MISCE LANI E: MAKE THE CONNECTION
NEURO: Pheripheral neuropathy with
Allergic reactions, including •Monitor vital signs every 15 min
amphoter.
anaphylaxis, acute infusion during test dose and every 30 min for
MS: Arthralgia, Myalgia with amphotericin.
reactions. 2-4 hr after administration of
amphotericin may need to
NURSIN G DIAGN OSIS premedicate with Meperidine,
•Risk for impaired skin integrity Dantrolene, and Diphenhydramine.
•Risk for infection •Monitor liver and renal functions
•Pain test and CBC with differential.
 IMMUN E SY STE M D RUG S
ANTI-INF ECTIVES

ABACAVIR DIDANOSINE
Ziagen Dideoxynoisine
Videx, Videx EC

LAMIVUDINE ZIDOVUDINE
Epivir, Epivir HBV, AZT, Retrovir
Apo-Zidoudine
3TC 6
 THERAP EUT IC INDI CAT IO NS
PHARMACOLOG IC Management of HIV infection (AIDS) in combination with
CLAS S other antiretroviral.
•Antiretroviral ACTION S
•Nucleoside reverse • Inhibit the activity of HIV-=1.
transcriptase
inhibitor(NRTI)
ADVERSE REACTIONS KEEP IN MIND
SIDE EFFECTS Teach the client:
CNS: Headache, • Take the medication as directed.
Insomnia •Always use a condom, and avoid sharing needles
EENT: visual or donating blood.
disturbances. •Report any signs of allergic reaction.
GI: Hepatotoxicity, •Maintain appointments for regular follow-up exams
diarrhea, nausea, and blood counts (CD4 and Viral Load counts.
vomiting, anorexia. •These medications do not cure HIV/AIDS, but
DERM: Rashes. control disease progression
F andMI
E:SCE
Lactic
LAN acidosis
IE . MAKE T HE CONN ECT ION
Hypersensitivity •Assess client for change in severity of HIV
Reactions symptoms and for symptoms of opportunistic
infection throughout therapy.
•Assess for signs of hypersensitivity reactions.
NU RSIN G •Monitor liver function test, serum glucose, lipid
DIA GNOSI S panel, and serum lactate levels.
•Risk for infection •Monitor viral load and CD4 cell count regularly 7
 IMMU NE SYST EM DRU GS
AN TI -INFLA MMA TO RY
and
DISEA SE MO DULA TI NG DR UGS

MESALAMINE
Asacol, Canasa,
Rowasa, Salofalk

OLSALAZINE
Dipentum
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 THERAP EUTIC- IN DICAT IONS
PHARM ACO LOG IC CLA SS •Treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases
• Gastrointestinal antiflamatory including ulcerative colitis.
• Cyclo - Oxigenase 1 and 2 ACT ION
inhibitor. •Locally acting anti- Inflammatory action in the
colon, where activity is probably due to
inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.
ADVERSE REACTIONS KEEP IN MIND
SIDE EFFECTS Teach client:
CNS: Headache , Dizzines, • May cause dizziness.
malaise, weakness. DERM: Hair • Notify health-care professional if skin rash,
sore throat, fever, mouth sores, unusual
loss, rashes. bleeding or bruising, wheezing, fever, or hives
EENT: Pharyngitis, Rhinitis. occur.
CV: Pericarditis. MS: Back pain . • May take 1-2 months for full effect.
GI: Diarrhea, eructation, flatulence, •If cramping, acute abdominal pain, bloody
nausea, vomiting diarrhea, fever, headache, or rash occur,
GU: Interstitial, nephritis, discontinue therapy and notify health care
Pancreatitis, Renal failure. professional immediately.
LOCAL: Anal irritation (Enema, • Increase MAKE oral intake
MI SCE LANI E: Anaphylaxis THE of fluids to prevent renal
CONNECTION
suppository) •lith.
Acute intolerance syndrome, Assess the client for allergy to
fever. sulfonomamides and salicylates.
• Fluid intake should be 1500-2000 ml/day.
NURSIN G DIAGN OSIS
Monitor daily weight and intake/output
•Readiness for enhanced bowel
•Monitor blood chemistries for liver and renal
elimination pattern. function and CBC with differential 9
•Diarrhea • Monitor amylase and lipase levels
 IM MUNE SYSTE M DR UGS
Anti- In fl amma to ry
and
Disease-Mo dulatin g A gents

ALLOPURINOL
Zyloprin, Alloprim
Apo-Allopurinol

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 THERAP EUTIC-
PHARM ACO LOG IC CLA SS
•Antigout
•Antihyperurecemic agent,
•Xanthine oxidase inhibitor.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
SIDE EFFECTS
CNS: Drowsiness
GI: Nausea, diarrhea, Hepatitis.
GU: Renal Failure
DERM: Rash, Urticaria.
HEMAT: Bone marrow suppression .
MI SCE LAN IE
Hypersensitivity Reactions
NURSIN G DIAGN OSIS
•Risk for Infection
•Acute pain
•Knowledge deficit.
AC TIO NS
•Prevention of attacks of gouty arthritis and
nephropathy.
•Treatment of secondary hyperuricemia, which
may occur during treatment of tumor or
leukemias.
KEEP IN MIND
Teach client:
• Dietary changes must be made (alkaline ash
diet) alcohol must be avoided to avoid gouty
attacks.
•Report skin rash or influenza symptoms to the
HCP immediately, this may indicate
hypersensitivity.
•Take with food to minimize gastric distress.
•Increase daily fluid intake as directed.
MAKE THE CONNECTION
• Minimum fluid intake for person being
treated for gout is 2500-3000 ml/day.
• Monitor for clinical signs of toxicity or
hypersensitivity (Vomiting, diarrhea, or rash).
•Monitor the CBC with the differential, RFTs,
LFTs, and blood Glucose.
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THANKS FOR
YOUR
ATTENTION!!

Now lets go
back to our
favori te
subj ect
NCLE X – RN

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