Definition:

Atom of same element with same proton number but different nucleon numbers.
@ atom of an element with different number of neutrons (text book). Eg: questions 2 in page 21 Characteristic: Isotope of an element have same chemical properties but different physical prop (eg: densities & melting point).

Element

Isotope

Proton number 8

Nucleon number 16

Number of protons 8

Number of neutrons 8

Oxygen Oxygen-16

16 8

O
8 17 8 9

17

Oxygen-16

O
8 18 8 10

18

Oxygen-16 Chlorine

O
17 35 17 18

35

Chlorine-35
17 37

Cl
17 Cl
17

37

17

20

Chlorine-35

Element

Isotope

Proton number 1

Nucleon number 1

Number of protons 1

Number of neutrons 0

Hydrogen

Hydrogen-1

1 2

H
1 2 1 1

Hydrogen-2

1 3

H
1 3 1 2

Hydrogen-3 Bromine

H
35 80 35 45

80

Bromine-80 Br
35

81

35

81

35

46

Bromine-81 Br
35

Element

Isotope

Proton number
6

Nucleon number
12

Number of protons
6

Number of neutrons
6

Carbon Carbon-12

12 6

C
6 13 6 7

13

Carbon-13

C
6 14 6 8

14

Carbon-14

Field Medical

Isotope applications gamma rays of cobalt-60 used to kill cancer cells without surgery the patient. steril the medical instrument. Radioactive like iodine-131 used to detect malfunction of thyroid gland. Radioisotope carbon-14 used to study age of ancient artifacts (bhn2 purba) carbon-14 is used to study passage of carbon in photosynthesis. sodium-24 used to detect leakage (kebocoran) of underground pipe

Archeology

Agricultural

Industrial

Atoms made up of : nucleus that contain protons & neutrons electrons that move in shells around nucleus

Shells of an atom is numbered starting from shells that closest to nucleus. Shells closest to nucleus numbered with one. Next shells is numbered with two & so on.. Each shells can only consists of a certain number of electrons. The ways electrons distributed @ arranged in shells of an atom is called electron arrangement @ electron configuration. Nucleus First shell

Second shell Third shell

8

Max no. of e for elements with proton number 1-20

1. Fill electrons to the shells that closet to nucleus first which is 1st shell with max number of electrons that 1st shells can hold.

2. The next shells is filled up (diisi) if there are remaining of electrons.

Eg: Calcium, Ca has 20 electrons (20 protons) electron arrangement of calcium is 2.8.8.2

Ca

Ca

Valence electrons:
are

electrons in the outermost shell of an atom

eg: electron arrangement of calcium is 2.8.8.2

Thus, it has two valence electrons.

element with same number of valence electrons have same chemical properties.

1. What mean by isotope? Atom of same element with same proton number but different nucleon numbers. @ atom of an element with different number of neutrons
32
15

2.

P and

31
15

P are two isotopes of phosphorus. State the number of subatomic

particles for each isotopes. Isotope Proton number 15

32 15 31 15

Nucleon number 32

Number of protons 15

Number of neutrons 17

P 15 P 31 15 16

3. Write the electron arrangement for the atoms below. a)

35 17 19 9

Cl

b)

4. a) b) c)

Determine the number of valence electrons for elements with this proton number: 7 9 16