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1 Introduction to Research
1.1What is research?
solutions to a problem after a thorough study and analysis of the situational factors.
http://www.usg.edu/galileo/skills/unit01/infoage01_03.phtml
http://www.google.co.th/search?hl=th&defl=en&q=define:research&sa=X&oi=glossary_definition&ct=titl e
information that guides managers to make informed decisions to successfully deal with problems. The information provided could be the result of a careful analysis of data gathered firsthand or of data that are already available (in the company).
manager in the work setting,demanding a timely solution. 2.Basic research (fundamental, pure)
Is to generate a body of knowledge by trying to
Solve problems
Risk
Investment Hire researchers and consultants more
effectively
2 Scientific Investigation
1 Observation 2 Identification of problem area 3 Theoretical framework 4 Hypotheses 5 Research design 6 Data collection 7 Data analysis 8 Data interpretation 9 Implementation
preliminary information gathering 3 Theoretical framework theory formulation 4 Hypothesizing 5 Research design further scientific data collection 6 logical analysis 7 Deduction
question or issue that is to be investigated with the goal of finding an answer or solution. Theoretical framework is the foundation on which the entire research project is based.It is logically developed,described,and elaborated network of associations among the variables relevant to the problem situation. A hypothesis is a tentative statement that proposes a possible explanation to some phenomenon or event. A useful hypothesis is a testable statement which may include a prediction. A hypotheses should not be confused with a theory. Data analysis: the data gathered are statistically analyzed to see if the
hypotheses that were generated have been supported.
Problem Formulation
"Well begun is half done" --Aristotle,
ideas is the experience of practical problems in the field? The Literature Review
Levels of Measurement
http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/design.php
http://questioning.org/rcycle.html
research at some level to stay competitive. Companies gather data both from within and outside the organization. The methods used to gather,analyze,and synthesize information from the external and internal environments are becoming increasingly sophisticated to the immense scope of computer technology.
http://tutor2u.net/business/ict/intro_what_is_ict.htm
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/ict/implications/0moralandsocialissuesrev1.shtml
Research design
Purpose of the study:
Exploratory study
Is undertaken when no information is available on how similar problems or research issues have been solved in the past Is to able to describe the characteristics of the variables of interest in a situation. Is undertaken to explain the variance in the dependent variable or to predict organizational outcomes.
Descriptive study
Hypotheses testing
Case studies
Research design can be thought of as the structure of research -- it is the "glue" that holds all of the elements in a research project together
Measurement
The rating scale
Have several response catagories Likert scale is designed o exermine how strongly subject agree or disagree with statements on a 5-point scale
Are used to tap preferences between two or more objects or items
Ranking scale
sources can be primary or secondary. Data collection methods such as: interview(face-to-face,telephone,computerassisted interviews),
Questionaires Observation Motivational techniques
Sampling
A sample is a subset of the population. Sample is the process of selecting a sufficient
number of elements from the population. Studying a sample rather the entire population is sometimes to lead to more reliable results, mostly because fatigue is reduced,resulting in fewer errors on collection data. (time, cost,human resources) Surveys are useful and powerful in finding answers to research question but if data are not collected from the people or objects that can provide the correct answers to solve the problem, the survey will be in vain.
Descriptive Statistics
Descriptive statistics
provide simple summaries about the sample and the measures. Central Tendency. The central tendency of a distribution is an estimate of the "center" of a distribution of values. There are three major types of estimates of central tendency:
Mean is the most common-used measure of data tendency.=average. Median is the middle value , when the data is arranged in numerical order. Mode is the value ( number) that appears the most. Dispersion (Range, Standard Diviation)refers to the spread of the values around the central tendency
Inferential statistics
t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), regression analysis, Correlation is a measure of the relation between two or more variables.
we use inferential statistics to make judgments of the probability that an observed difference between groups. Thus, we use inferential statistics to make inferences from our data to more general conditions; we use descriptive statistics simply to describe what's going on in our data.
Statistics methods
Central tendency
Exercise
http://www.quia.com/rr/51667.html
http://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/Math/mean/Pmeasure.htm
http://www.fortunecity.com/greenfield/grizzly/432/Research.htm http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/statdesc.php
research question(s) the study intends to address Literature review - A critical assessment of the work done so far on this topic, to show how the current study relates to what has already been done Methods - How the study was carried out (e.g. instruments or equipment, procedures, methods to gather and analyze data) Results - What was found in the course of the study Discussion - What do the results mean Conclusion - State the conclusions and implications of the results, and discuss how it relates to the work reviewed in the literature review; also, point to directions for further work in the area http://www.wesleyan.edu/libr/tut/litrev/thelitrev.html
Research Proposal
Title Page Abstract (on a separate single page) The Body (no page breaks between sections in the body)
Introduction (2-3 pages) Methods (7-10 pages) Sample (1 page) Measures (2-3 pages) Design (2-3 pages) Procedures (2-3 pages) Results (2-3 pages) Conclusions (1-2 pages)
Student Presentation
http://blog.spu.ac.th/readmore/2008/04/22/entry-2
http://blog.spu.ac.th/readmore/gallery/394
http://dekkid.blogspot.com/search?q=business+research
Question?
How can you solve business problem? Why do you need to know how to write the research
proposal? Do you understand the research process? Do you know why do you have to identify problem statement clearly before doing research? Do you know why sampling and statistics are important to the research result? Why do you have to identify the limitation of your study? Why the research report and presentation are important? Do you know how to apply the steps of the research process ?
Questions
1.If you want to set up a coffee shop near
the university and school, what is your research topic? 2.Identify the problem statement. 3.Identify the objectives 4.The hypotheses 5. The research methodology. 6. The examples of the questionaire