Protection Of Transmission Line Using GPS

BY-

PARIMA SARASWAT. ANKIT BHATIYA. TIKISHWAR KALPURE.

This is a new technique for the protection of transmission systems by using the global positioning system (GPS) and fault generated transients. In this scheme the relay contains a fault transient detection system together with a communication unit, which is connected to the power line through the high voltage coupling capacitors of the CVT. Relays are installed at each bus bar in a transmission network.

These detect the fault generated high frequency voltage transient signals and record the time instant corresponding to when the initial traveling wave generated by the fault arrives at the busbar.

TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
Electric power transmission, a process in the delivery of electricity to consumers, is the bulk transfer of electrical power. Typically, power transmission is between the power plant and a substation near a populated area. Electricity distribution is the delivery from the substation to the consumers. Electric power transmission allows distant energy sources (such as hydroelectric power plants) to be connected to consumers in population centers, and may allow exploitation of low-grade fuel resources that would otherwise be too costly to transport to generating facilities. A power transmission system is sometimes referred to colloquially as a "grid"; however, for reasons of economy, the network is not a mathematical grid. Redundant paths and lines are provided so that power can be routed from any power plant to any load center, through a variety of routes, based on the economics of the transmission path and the cost of power.

TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

GENERATION

TRANSMISSION

DISTRIBUTION

WHAT IS TRAVELING WAVE FAULT LOCATION?

Faults on the power transmission system cause transients that propagate along the transmission line as waves. Each wave is a composite of frequencies, ranging from a few kilohertz to several megahertz, having a fast rising front and a slower decaying tail. Composite waves have a propagation velocity and characteristic impedance and travel near the speed of light away from the fault location toward line ends. They continue to travel throughout the power system until they diminish due to impedance and reflection waves and a new power system equilibrium is reached

POSSIBLE CAUSES OF FAULT

WHAT IS GPS?

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit. GPS was originally intended for military applications. GPS works in any weather conditions, anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day. GPS Technology allows precise determination of location, velocity, direction, and time. GPS are space-based radio positioning systems that provide time and three-dimensional position and velocity information to suitably equipped users anywhere on or near the surface of the earth (and sometimes off the earth).

HOW IT WORKS?

GPS satellites circle the earth twice a day in a very precise orbit and transmit signal information to earth. GPS receivers take this information and use triangulation to calculate the user's exact location. Essentially, the GPS receiver compares the time a signal was transmitted by a satellite with the time it was received. The time difference tells the GPS receiver how far away the satellite is. Now, with distance measurements from a few more satellites, the receiver can determine the user's position and display it on the unit's electronic map.

IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING

Evaluation of the fault locator involved the installation of GPS timing receivers at four 500kV substations. A especially developed Fault Transient Interface Unit (FTIU) connects to the transmission lines and discriminates for a valid traveling wave. The FTIU produces a TTL-level trigger pulse that is coincident with the leading edge of the traveling wave. A time-tagging input function was provided under special request to the GPS receiver manufacturer

This is a new technique for the protection of transmission systems by using the global positioning system (GPS) and fault generated transients. In this scheme the relay contains a fault transient detection system together with a communication unit, which is connected to the power line through the high voltage coupling capacitors of the CVT. Relays are installed at each bus bar in a transmission network. These detect the fault generated high frequency voltage transient signals and record the time instant corresponding to when the initial traveling wave generated by the fault arrives at the busbar. The decision to trip is based on the components as they propagate through the system. extensive simulation studies of the technique were carried out to examine the response to different power system and fault condition. The communication unit is used to transmit and receive coded digital signals of the local information to and from the associated relays in the system. At each substation , the relay determine the location of the fault by comparing the GPS time stay measured locally with those received from the adjacent substations, extensive simulation studies presented here demonstrate feasibility of the scheme

Abstract

Thank you