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Elective: 2013
On this approach, environment is a concept which embraces a multitude of ingredients (Rabie 204). Among them are the following: 1. the natural environment, which is in a strict sense the created environment in its pure state, but more generally regarded as referring to renewable and non-renewable natural resources such as air, water, soil, plants and animals; 2. the spatial environment, which is man-made and natural areas such as a suburb, town, city, region, province, country, as well as certain specific landscapes, for instance mountains, wetlands, rivers, sea-shore and forests; 3. the sociological or social environment, which is other people such as the family, group and society; 4. Economic environment 5. Cultural-historic environment 6. Built environment 7. Political environment 8. Labour or work environment. These ingredients together comprise the totality of the human environment.
Extensive approach
Limited approach
The limited approach has as its focus the natural environment, as opposed to the man-made environment (Rabie 207). It has probably been influenced by ecological studies and nature conservation (Rabie 207). It refers to the natural environment and the modifications placed upon this by man (Rabie 208).