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From: Johns, B & Crowley, EP (2005).Students with Disabilities and General Education: A desktop Reference for School Personnel. Horsham, PA: LRP Publications. Chapter 7.
Hearing
Motor
with low achievers Mild disabilities, and they are lifelong Fixable and short term
Learn about the child and the learning disability Use multiple learning styles and multiple forms of communicating instructions Avoid lengthy directions Use strategies to help students remember Break down tasks into smaller steps Provide additional time for schoolwork and tests Allow the student with reading problems to use textbooks on tape or similar devices Allow the student with listening difficulties to borrow notes or use a tape recorder Allow the student with writing difficulties to use a computer with spell check, grammar checks, or speech recognition Teach organizational and study skills
words Voice disorder, including abnormal pits, loudness or voice quality Fluency disorder, pauses, hesitations, repetitions Stutter Reluctance to speak
syllables or whole
Inability to learn or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships that can not be explained otherwise Inappropriate behavior or feelings under normal circumstances Mood of unhappiness or depression Develops physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems Schizophrenia Does not apply to students who are maladjusted, unless they have an emotional disturbance.
Provide positive recognition for appropriate behavior Set clear limits so student knows what is expected Provide posted rules/expectations and teach the student what they mean and provide reminders Follow the students behavioral intervention plan (IEP) Develop a non-verbal cueing system to assist the student Provide assigned seating Start each day newdont hold grudges
Autism defined
Developmental
disability that affects verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction before age 3.
the child for change in environment or routine Avoid too much stimulation and a high noise level Break down directions into very small steps Provide multiple opportunities for appropriate repetitive movements
What the teacher can do for students with other health impairments
Provide many opportunities for movement Keep lecture and written activities short Use visuals during teaching centered activities Provide fidgets (ball, paperclip) Provide positive reinforcement Provide organizers away from desk for items student is not currently using Use timers Use highlighters to color code instructions and key parts of assignments
about the health disability Follow physicians instructions regarding level of activity Work with school dietician regarding dietary restrictions Watch for changes in behavior or unusual lethargy
learns at a slower rate Student will have difficulty grasping abstract concepts Student may not remember directions he or she is given
rate Provide concrete directions Repeat directions as much as possible Provide reinforcement for rote material learned
acquired injury caused by physical force resulting in total or partial functional disability or psychosocial impairment
stamina Seizures/headaches Hearing/vision problems Easily confused Mood swings and problems with social skills
What the teacher can do for students with traumatic brain injuries
Talk with administrator/parent to find the extent of the injury Avoid an unstructured daily routine Keep directions simple and concrete Plan ahead for specific activities Be clear on rules and review them frequently Document any unusual circumstances of changes in behavior
of hearing severe enough to adversely affect a childs educational performance, whether permanent or fluctuating
gestures Hearing aides Sign language May write on paper or refuse to write on paper if feels inadequate Isolation due to communication barriers Unintentional noises
Deafness defined
Hearing
impairment so severe that student can not process linguistic information through hearing, with or without amplification
Characteristics of deafness
Student
may talk very loudly Student may feel isolated due to communication barriers Student may use gestures Student may use an interpreter
the child, not the interpreter Increase wait time during lecture Meet regularly with the interpreter to assess the communication services Learn a few signs for vocabulary frequently used in the classroom
blindness, but can include partial or complete blindness Some visual impairments may be corrected with glasses
Provide extra time to complete a task Provide verbal descriptions Help implement an IEP team decision to provide services necessary Provide assistance in the students orientation to the classroom and around the building Talk about where things are Dont lead the student; teacher hand at students elbow may be enough Remind sighted students/adults to identify themselves by name Describe objects when referring to them Dont leave student standing or waiting along in an open space Do not move things in classroom without notifying student
Deaf-blindness defined
Hearing
systematically what nonimpaired students learn Increase the length of time to master daily classroom objectives Establish sensitivity and awareness Mutual attention Respond to students signals Keep classroom emotions positive
absence of an appendage Polio-myelitis, bone tuberculosis Cerebral palsy, amputations, fractures or burns
to coordinate body movement Muscles may weaken and degenerate Nerve control and lack of feeling Painful movement
Avoid barriers in the classroom Plan accommodations ahead of time Provide extra time for movement and transitions Treat student with respect Provide assistance as needed Monitor safety and health Meet with building administrator regarding specific medical emergency plan
of disabilities
should try to find out as much as possible about the multiple disabilities
informed of changes
with parents and let them know of any academic or behavioral changes in their student in response to any changes in medication