World War II

Germany must pay 20 billion gold

marks German
y must limit size of
navy army &
Tanks
e d t o W arships
m a n y n ot al l ow
G e r Airplanes
Ghearvm : ny has t
ea o cede all w Poison Gas
allies ar material
s to
Germany has to giv
e up all colonies
e s t - P r u s s ia a n d all
n y h a s t o c e d e W
Germa nt r y o f P O L A N D
e n t o t he ne w c o u
Pos
of Germany has to cede coal mines in Saar to
France
Germany has to cede Alsace-Lorraine to
France
 440 Articles
Germany
blamed for
WWI
President
“14 Points”
Wilson

Creating
Democracies
President
“14 Points”
Wilson

President Iraq
Bush War
Creating
Democracies
 “The way Europe worked for
centuries was through war,
displacement of citizens, and
restructuring of national borders.”
Wilson’s Goals:
Make the world safe for
democracy
Wilson’s Goals:
Make the world safe for
democracy
Carve up
Europe
(Based on
nationalities)
Wilson’s Goals:
Make the world safe for
democracy
Carve up
Europe
(Based on
nationalities)
Force DEMOCRATIC
governments
 Nationalism
:1. Division of Europe by
nationalities...
 Nationalism
:1. Division of Europe by
nationalities...
2. Loyalty to country & its people*
ABOVE ALL
ELSE
 Nationalism
:1. Division of Europe by
nationalities...
2. Loyalty to country & its people*
ABOVE ALL
ELSE
*People of the same blood
regardless of geography
SOVIET
UNION
Stalin’s Goals:
1. “Uncle Joe” became leader of
Soviets
Stalin’s Goals:
1. “Uncle Joe” became leader of
Soviets
2. Communist
Tried to create the perfect
state
Stalin’s Goals:
1. “Uncle Joe” became leader of
Soviets
2. Communist
Tried to create the perfect
3. state
Abolished private
farms,
established collectives
massive
industrialization
ITALY
Mussolini’s Rise:
1. Unemployment + inflation =
strikes
Mussolini’s Rise:
1. Unemployment + inflation =
strikes
2. Upper-class wanted government
help
Mussolini’s Rise:
1. Unemployment + inflation =
strikes
2. Upper-class wanted government
help
3. Benito Mussolini = NATIONALISM
Mussolini’s Rise:
1. Unemployment + inflation =
strikes
2. Upper-class wanted government
help
3. Benito Mussolini = NATIONALISM
4. Practiced
TOTALITARIANISM
Totalitarianism
:
1. Method of control in which a
country’s individuals have little or
no freedoms separate from the
government’s wishes
GERMANY
Hitler promised to raise
Germany from the
shame of the Treaty of
Versailles
The League of
Nations
FAILS
It’s fatal flaw?
No military for
enforcement

The League of
Nations
FAILS
It’s fatal flaw?
No military for
enforcement
Failure in
Japan

The League of
Nations
FAILS
 It’s fatal flaw?
No military for
enforcement
Failure in
Japan
Hitler increased size of
army
The League of
Nations
FAILS
 It’s fatalThe
flaw?League couldn’t stop
No military for
him
enforcement
Failure in
Japan
Hitler increased size of
army
The League of
Nations
FAILS
 It’s fatalThe
flaw?
League couldn’t stop
No military for
him
enforcement
Italy gave all power to Il
Failure in Duce
Japan
Hitler increased size of
army
The League of
Nations
FAILS
 It’s fatalThe
flaw?
League couldn’t stop
No military for
him
enforcement
Italy gave all power to Il
Failure in Duce
Japan
Hitler increasedThesize
League
of did nothing
army
The League of
Nations
FAILS
Isolationism:
1. Belief that one’s country should
stay out of other countries
conflicts
The “America First”
Committee
 “...and the Wolf chewed up the children and spit out their
bones...But those were Foreign Children and it didn’t really
 1922

Germany asks France France controls

For moratorium— Germany’s German workers
France richest strike/inflation rises
Refuses production area

Hitler’s Rise to
Power
Hitler acts out “Putsch” fails Mein Kampf
“Beer Hall Hitler imprisoned explains principles
Putsch” Writes “Mein Kampf” of Nazism

Hitler’s Rise to
Power
 1933

Hitler gains a Democratically

Establishes the
following as a savior elected as PM of
Third Reich
Weimar

Hitler’s Rise to
Power
Austria (formerly Austria-Hungary”
was not allowed to join Germany...

Hitler takes Austria

“German Austria must unite itself
with the German Motherland...”
—Hitler Mein Kampf
Austria (formerly Austria-Hungary”
was not allowed to join Germany...

Austrian Chancellor accepted Hitler’s

terms for control of Austria (by vote)

Hitler takes Austria

Austria (formerly Austria-Hungary”
was not allowed to join Germany...

Austrian Chancellor accepted Hitler’s

terms for control of Austria (by vote)

Hitler invaded Austria (1938)

Hitler takes Austria

Czechoslovakia
 Czechs...7,447,000

Czechoslovakia
 Czechs...7,447,000
Germans...3,218,000

Czechoslovakia
 Czechs...7,447,000
Germans...3,218,000
Slovaks...2,309,000

Czechoslovakia
 Czechs...7,447,000
Germans...3,218,000
Slovaks...2,309,000
Magyars...729,000

Czechoslovakia
 Czechs...7,447,000
Germans...3,218,000
Slovaks...2,309,000
Magyars...729,000
Ruthenes...569,000

Czechoslovakia
 Czechs...7,447,000
Germans...3,218,000
Slovaks...2,309,000
Magyars...729,000
Ruthenes...569,000
Poles...100,000

Czechoslovakia
 Czechs...7,447,000
Germans...3,218,000
Slovaks...2,309,000
Magyars...729,000
Ruthenes...569,000
Poles...100,000
Others...266,000

Czechoslovakia
Sudetenland contained large # of
German-speaking , pro-Nazi
population

Hitler takes
Czechoslovakia
 Sudetenland contained large # of
German-speaking , pro-Nazi
population
Hitler & Chamberlain met 3 times over
the Sudetenland in N. Czechoslovakia

Hitler takes
Czechoslovakia
 Sudetenland contained large # of
German-speaking , pro-Nazi
population
Hitler & Chamberlain met 3 times over
the Sudetenland in N. Czechoslovakia

The Munich Agreement

(Sudetenland would be Hitler’s last demand)

Hitler takes
Czechoslovakia
 Soviet Union signed
non-aggression pact
With Germany

Hitler &
Stalin
 Soviet Union signed
non-aggression pact
With Germany

Hitler &
Stalin
Stalin gained eastern
half of Poland
Hitler’s Attack Style
BLITZKRIE
G
Stage 1: Air
bombing

Stage 2: Tanks &

Artillery
Stage 3: Flanking
Infantry
 Highly
effective
fighting style

Fighting in Poland
was over in 3
weeks
Hitler planned to attack France
after Poland

Hitler takes France

Hitler planned to attack France
after Poland

French behind “Maginot Line”

Hitler takes France

Hitler planned to attack France
after Poland

French behind “Maginot Line”

Germans behind “Siegfried
Line”

Hitler takes France

Hitler planned to attack France
after Poland

French behind “Maginot Line”

Germans behind “Siegfried
Line”
A year spent waiting = “Phony
War”

Hitler takes France

Hitler attacked Belgium &
“walked to
France”

Hitler takes France

Hitler attacked Belgium &
“walked to
France”
Handed France his surrender
terms

Hitler takes France

Hitler attacked Belgium &
“walked to
France”
Handed France his surrender
terms
Germany controlled N. France

Hitler takes France

Hitler attacked Belgium &
“walked to
France”
Handed France his surrender
terms
Germany controlled N. France
S. France was puppet
government
(“Vichy”)
Hitler takes France
Britai
n
Poland

Romani
a
Turke
y

Greec
e
 Soviet
Union
Britain Got
Entangled
The Holocaust
Nazi plan for Weimar
Disband the
Republic
Reichstag
“We will become members of the
Reichstag in order to disable the
Weimar order with its own
acquiescence...We come as
enemies.”
—Joseph Goebbels
 Nazi plan for Weimar
Disband the
Republic
Reichstag
Reichstag burns & Hitler blames
the communists
 Nazi plan for Weimar
Disband the
Republic
Reichstag
Reichstag burns & Hitler blames
the communists
President Von Hindenburg
suspended individuals & civil
rights
 Nazi plan for Weimar
Republic
Hitler elected democratically
 Nazi plan for Weimar
Republic
Hitler elected democratically

Actions against “inferiors” began a

month later
 Nazi plan for Weimar
Republic
Hitler elected democratically

Actions against “inferiors” began a

month later

One of the first actions was the

“Jewish boycott”
Elimination of a race required 3
steps:

1. Marginalization
2. Government
3. action
Executio
n
 1.
Marginalization
 Converted to
Christianity
Married non-Jews

Before Hitler, most Jews were

comfortable as German citizens...
100,000+ fought for
Germany during
WWI
Taught in German
Universities
 Nazis required a
boycott of all Jewish
owned shops and
business’
 “Germans! Defend
yourselves!
Don’t buy from Jews.”

“The Jews are our

misfortune!”

“JUDE
”
 “Nazification” of Culture
Distinguishing between “pure”
German (Nazi) culture & inferior
cultures
 “Nazification” of Culture
Distinguishing between “pure”
German (Nazi) culture & inferior
cultures

Hundreds of Thousands of
“un-German” books were burned
 “Nazification” of Culture
Germany relied on PROPAGANDA
 “Nazification” of Culture
Germany relied on PROPAGANDA

Joseph Goebbels—Master of
Propaganda
 “Nazification” of Culture
Germany relied on PROPAGANDA

Joseph Goebbels—Master of
Propaganda

Controlled press, radio, film, art,

music, and public events
“Nazification” of Culture
1937—Degenerate Art Exhibit
 “Nazification” of Culture
1937—Degenerate Art Exhibit

Degenerate Art—art that doesn’t

glorify Aryan race
 “Nazification” of Culture
1937—Degenerate Art Exhibit

Degenerate Art—art that doesn’t

glorify Aryan race

Exhibit was designed to

emphasize the arts’ “ugliness”
2. Government
Action
 Jews & the Law
400 laws limiting Jewish citizens
between (1933-1939)
 Jews & the Law
400 laws limiting Jewish citizens
between (1933-1939)

Civil Service Law

 Jews & the Law
400 laws limiting Jewish citizens
between (1933-1939)

Civil Service Law

Nazis even created a “science”
based on Jewish/German
differences
“[the] state must set race in the
center of all life. It must take care to
keep it pure. [The state] must see to
it that only the healthy beget
children...”
—Hitler Mein Kampf
 Race Science
Forced sterilization (500,000 in
10)
320,000 German outcasts:
Alcoholics, homosexuals, depressed,
schizophrenics, “work shy”

Instituted euthanasia (execution)

Mentally insane, handicapped, retarded
 Nuremburg Race Laws
Jews are not German citizens
Subjects of the state

Marriage & sex between Jews &

non-Jews forbidden

Women under 45 couldn’t work in

Jewish households
“Jews Unwelcome” signs
appeared in theaters, shops,
pharmacies, hotels, restaurants,
etc.
Could only sit on public benches
marked for Jews
Jewish business’ Aryanized
All Jews had to take new middle
names
Jewish passports marked with “J”
 Britain: “No
room.”
US: “We have a quota
system.”
Australia: “We don’t want
the Jewish problem.”
The Evian
Conference
Canada: “We’ll take farmers
only.”
Kristallnacht
(Night of Broken Glass)
The Saint Louis
 1933

“Civil Service” laws

Hitler elected Boycott of Jewish
(400 between
democratically business’
‘33-’39)
 1934 1935 1937

Separation of “pure”
Forced sterilization German and “Degenerate Art”
of “inferiors” “inferior” people exhibit
groups
1938 1939

The Evian
Kristallnacht The S.S. Saint Louis
Conference
3. Execution