Transformation Geometry - Dr.Rochmad, M.Si.

Group I
Lecturer: Dr.Rochmad, M.Si.

1. Shofiayuningtyas L. Y (4101410002) 2. Titis Satitis 3. Chandra Septian B. 4. Endang Nurliastuti ( 4101410013) ( 4101410030) ( 4101410031)

Dilation

Enlargement

Enlargement with center the origin

Reduction

A dilation is a transformation (notation ) that produces an image that is the same shape as the original, but is a different size. A dilation stretches or shrinks the original figure. The description of a dilation includes the scale factor (or ratio) and the center of the dilation. The center of dilation is a fixed point in the plane about which all points are expanded or contracted. It is the only invariant point under a dilation.

A dilation of scalar factor k whose center of dilation is the origin may be written: Dk (x, y) = (kx, ky).

Dilation

Enlargement

Enlargement with center the origin

Reduction

Dilation of point P(x, y) with dilation [0,k] so that we get P(x, y) can be formed becomes as follows

= 0
where

0 as dilation matrix 0 When we have dilation of point P(x, y) with dilation [(a,b),k] so that we get P(x, y) can be formed becomes as follows

= 0

0 +

Dilation

Enlargement

Enlargement with center the origin

Reduction

Properties preserved (invariant) under a dilation:

A dilation is a transformation (notation ) that produces an image that is the same shape as the original, but is a different size. A dilation stretches or shrinks the original figure. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. angle measures (remain the same) parallelism (parallel lines remain parallel) colinearity (points stay on the same lines) midpoint (midpoints remain the same in each figure) orientation (lettering order remains the same) --------------------------------------------------------------6. distance is NOT preserved (NOT an isometry) (lengths of segments are NOT the same in all cases except a scale factor 1 and -1)

Dilation

Enlargement

Enlargement with center the origin

Reduction

Scalar multiplication by a is also geometrically interesting, because it represents magnification by the factor k. It magnifies, or dilates, the whole plane by the factor a, transforming each figure into a similar copy of itself. Figure (a) below shows an example of this with k = 2.5. Figure (b) shows an example dilation with k = 1/2, which the circle with center M dilated to the circle with center O.

Figure (a)

Figure (b)

Dilation

Enlargement

Enlargement with center the origin

Reduction

There are two types of dilation, namely enlargement and reduction. If

enlargement of the image figure is a reduction of the object.

k > 1, the image figure is an

the object. If 0< k < 1,

Dilation

Enlargement

Enlargement with center the origin

Reduction

The diagram below shows the enlargement of triangle PQR with center point C and scale factor k = 3.

Points P, Q and R are located such that CP = 3 x CP, CQ = 3 x CQ, and CR = 3 x CR. The image PQR has sides which are 3 times longer than those of the object PQR.

Dilation

Enlargement

Enlargement with center the origin

Reduction

Suppose P(x, y) moves to P(x, y) such that P lies on the line OP, and OP = kOP. We call this an dilation with center O(0,0) and scale factor k.

Under an dilation with center O(0, 0) and scale factor k, (x, y) (kx, ky).

Dilation

Enlargement

Enlargement with center the origin

Reduction
1

A long side is a reduction of triangle KLM with center C and scale factor k = 2

To obtain the image, the distance from C to each point on the object is halved.

Dilation

Enlargement

Enlargement with center the origin

Reduction

In the example below, ABC is reduction by a factor of 0,5 through the origin to obtain ABC. In the example beside, the image is not congruent to the original triangle (so, not an isometric).

Instead ABC is similar to ABC. That means that the lengths of AB, AC and BC have all changed by the same factor.

Dilation

Enlargement

Enlargement with center the origin

Reduction

In this case, the factor of the reduction is 0,5 and therefore we can say that each side of ABC is half the length of the corresponding side of ABC. For example, AB = 2 and the corresponding side AB = 1. Also, because the shapes are similar, we see that the interior angles remain unchanged. For example, angle B = 90 and angle B = 90. We say the shape has been preserved but not the size.

2. PROBLEM: Draw the dilation image of triangle ABC with the center of dilation at the origin and a scale factor of 2. OBSERVE: Notice how EVERY coordinate of the original triangle has been multiplied by the scale factor (x2). HINT: Dilations involve multiplication!

3. PROBLEM: Draw the dilation image of pentagon ABCDE with the center of dilation at the origin and a scale factor of 1/3. OBSERVE: Notice how EVERY coordinate of the original pentagon has been multiplied by the scale factor (1/3).
HINT: Multiplying by 1/3 is the same as dividing by 3!

4. PROBLEM: Draw the dilation image of rectangle EFGH with the center of dilation at point E and a scale factor of 1/2. OBSERVE: Point E and its image are the same. It is important to observe the distance from the center of the dilation, E, to the other points of the figure. Notice EF = 6 and E'F' = 3. HINT: Be sure to measure distances for this problem.

5. If the points P (2,-1) is dilated with (O,-2), then the image is..... Solution
2 0 2 4 = = 0 2 1 2

F. Competence Test
1. Triangle PQR with P(2,3), Q(2,5) and R(4,7). Sketch the triangle PQR under: a. dilation with scale factor k = 3, the center is P.

b.
c.

dilation with scale factor k = -4, the center is Q.

dilation with scale factor k = , he center is R.

2. Look at the figure below, IHJK a square and L, M, N and O middle of edges.

3. Given point A ( 5,4) and P (1,2). The image of point A where the dilation is stated in [P,3] is...

Group 1