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Discrimination

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Discrimination

To distinguish one object from another. In modern sense, intended to refer to the wrongful act of distinguishing illicitly among people not on the basis of individual merit but on the basis of prejudice treatment taken toward or against a person of a certain group that is taken in consideration based on class or category.

Forms of Discrimination
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Ethnic Age Gender Religion Caste Disability Political affiliation language

Some examples from history

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In politics, the dominating part of the population rules. Therefore, the worst discrimination in the history has been committed by states 1. The anti-semitic practices of the Nazi-Germany

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2. In early 20th century South Africa mine owners preferred hiring black workers because they were cheaper. Then the whites successfully persuaded the government to enact laws that highly restricted the black' rights to work (Apartheid).

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3. Genocide-at time of Partition of Indo-Pak Subcontinent

4. Salem Witch Hunt 1692-MA

and the list goes on

The family picture is on his desk Ah! A solid responsible family man His desk is cluttered Hes a hard worker & a busy man
Hes talking with co-workers Must be Discussing latest deal He's not at his desk Must be at his meeting He's having lunch with the boss Hes on his way up He got an unfair deal Did he get angry? Hes leaving for a better job He recognizes a good opportunity Hes getting married Hell get more settled

The family picture is on her desk Hmm!! Her family comes before her career Her desk is cluttered Shes a disorganized scatter brain
She's talking with co-workers She must be gossiping She's not at her desk She must be out shopping She's having lunch with the boss They must be having an affair She got an unfair deal Did she cry? She's leaving for a better job Women are undependable She's getting married Shell leave
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Employment Discrimination
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Employment discrimination (or workplace discrimination) is discrimination in hiring, promotion, job assignment, termination, and compensation Like most discrimination, employment discrimination may occur intentionally or unintentionally, because of prejudice or ignorance

Discriminatory Practices
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Recruitment practices
Firms relying solely on word of mouth referrals of present employees to recruit new workers tend to recruit only from those racial and gender groups that are already represented in their labor force E.g. a firm having majority males can have recruitment policies discriminating against females

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Screening practices
Job

qualifications are discriminatory when they are not relevant to the job to be performed Tests can be discriminatory if they disqualify members from minority culture who are unfamiliar with language, concepts, social situations used in test but who are otherwise fully qualified for job Interviews are discriminatory if they disqualify women or minority on basis of stereotypes

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Promotion practices

Promotion practices can be discriminatory when employers place one group (e.g. males) on job tracks separate from those open to other group
(e.g. females or minority) When promotion relies on subjective recommendations of supervisors

Conditions of employment

wages./salaries are discriminatory to the extent that equal compensation is not given to people who are doing the same amount of work If past discrimination or present cultural traditions result in some job classifications being disproportionately filled with one females or minorities (such as clerical,part time secretary), steps should be taken to make their compensation and benefits comparable to those of other classifications

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Discharge/Termination
It

occurs when an employee is terminated from their job based on their race, color, religion, gender, or national origin Layoff policies relying on seniority system in which women or minority have the lowest superiority because of past discrimination

Cases
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Mini-cases
Delivering

pizza (pg 366 Manuel G) Compensation discrimination (net exercise)

Major: Wal Marts Women (pg 344 Manuel G)

How to estimate whether an institution or set of institutions is practicing discrimination against a certain group?
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Comparison of average benefits that institutions bestow on an income group with the average benefits the institutions bestows on other groups (income comparison, avg starting salary etc) Comparisons of the proportion of discriminated group found in the lowest levels of the institution with the proportions of other groups found at those levels Comparisons of the proportion of that group that holds the more advantageous positions with the proportions of other groups that holds those same

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Desirable occupation comparison

e.g. - Most well paying occupations are held by males, while remainder for minorities and women Glass ceiling
(an

invisible but impenetrable barrier to further promotion sometimes encountered by women or minorities)

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So after studying the cases, why do employees discriminate Reasons

Limited

understanding of other group Loyalty to ones own group Prejudice and stereotyping about other groups

Embracing Diversity
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Quiz from 7 habits of highly effective teens

Why Embrace It?

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Because uncomfortable work environment may lead to: Higher absenteeism Increased turnover

Affirmative actions
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A program designed to ensure the proportion of minorities within an organization matches their proportion in available workforce
Equal

Opportunities Policy

EEO

Policy of nondiscrimination
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3 steps in hiring and promotion process

1. Job analysis JD focuses on specific activities of a position, work is less likely to be stereotyped JD that lists qualifications will not serve to exclude members of a group who meet them Because qualifications are related to description, it is easier to determine whether they are necessary for satisfactory job performance

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2. Recruitment and selection - Information about an opening is widely disseminated - Involve minorities and women in the companys recruitment effort-encourages more applications from the discriminated group 3. Objective tests and Subjective evaluations - Test should not have disparate impact: should not unnecessarily exclude members of a certain class - Test validation:- test for any given job is a reliable predictor of successful on job performance

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