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OS as a service provider via system calls & commands (typically for the programmer). Program execution system capability to load a program into memory and to run it - address mapping and translation a key issue. I/O operations since user programs cannot execute I/O operations directly, the operating system must provide some means to perform I/O - system calls . File-system manipulation program capability to read, write, create, and delete files
multiple users or multiple jobs running at the same time avoiding Deadlock. Accounting keep track of and record which users use how much and what kinds of computer resources for account billing or for accumulating usage statistics. Protection ensuring that all access to system resources is controlled, ex: firewalls, passwords, file etc.
Question ?
Can a small operating system simulate the hardware of some machine so that
Another operating system can run in that simulated hardware? More than one instance of that operating system run on the same hardware at the same time? More than one different operating system can share the same hardware at the same time?
Answer: Yes
Virtual Machine
In a Virtual Machine - each process "seems" to execute on its own processor with its own memory, devices, etc. The resources of the physical machine are shared. Virtual devices are sliced out of the physical ones. Virtual disks are subsets of physical ones. Useful for running different OS simultaneously on the same machine. Protection is excellent, but no sharing possible. Virtual privileged instructions are trapped.
Virtual machine
Virtual User
Physical User
Virtual Machine Monitor Mode
Physical Machine
Virtual Machine
(OS Structure)
Virtual Machine
(OS Structures)
Virtual Machine
Defination:A virtual machine (VM) is a software implementation of a machine (i.e. a computer) that executes programs like a physical machine. A virtual machine was originally defined by Popek and Goldberg as "an efficient, isolated duplicate of a real machine". Current use includes virtual machines which have no direct correspondence to any real hardware. Virtual machines are separated into two major categories, based on their use and degree of correspondence to any real machine. A system virtual machine provides a complete system platform which supports the execution of a complete operating system (OS). In contrast, a process virtual machine is designed to run a single program, which means that it supports a single process. An essential characteristic of a virtual machine is that the software running inside is limited to the resources and abstractions provided by the virtual machine.