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1. Define matter. 2. State Particles Theory of Matter 3. State Kinetic Theory of Matter. 4. List 3 types of particles of matter.
T.2.0
1. List the scientist who takes part in producing atomic model. 2. What is mean by proton number? 3. What is mean by nucleon number?
Analysing matter
2.5
2.4
1. Describe the contribution of scientist toward understanding of the atomic structure. Understanding the electronic structure of an atom
1. Name all the shells of a magnesium atom. 2. Proton Number of an atom X is 19. Write the electronic arrangement of the atom X. 3. What is another name for outermost shell?
T.2.1
Matter is made up of very small (tiny) and discrete particles. The Collision of particles is elastics. Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. Definition of matter
Examples: Particle Theory and Kinetic Theory of matter 1. Diffusion of bromine in air. 2. Diffusion of copper sulphate in water. 3.Diffusion of potassium manganate(VII) crystal in gel
MATTER
States of matter The changing of states of matter GAS Character 1.Particles arrangement 2.Particles Movement
State of matter and comparison between the states of matter Solid Liquid Gas
SOLID
Melting Freezing
LIQUID
vibrating, moving rotating randomly, vibrating, rotating. Low Strong moderate moderate
MATTER
Element -An element consist of only one type of atom and particles can be either atoms or molecules.
Compound -A compound is usually make up of two or more element which chemically bonded together
Atom
Molecule
Molecule
Ion
+ - + - + - + + - + -
Sodium chloride
An atom is the smallest neutral particle of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction.
A molecule is a neutral particle made up of either atoms of the same element or atoms of different elements. Examples are oxygen, carbon dioxide. An ion is a charged particle which consists of either one or atoms from different elements.
T.2.2
History of atomic model Element symbol: Example: H, He, N, Na, Ne etc. Symbol Atomic symbol: Example: A X Z Example: Calculation: n = A-Z Proton number & Nucleon number Subatomic particles
ATOM STRUCTURE
Subatmic particle Proton Neutron Symbol P n
Relative mass 1 1
Relative charge +1 0
Electron
1/1837
-1
Proton number (Z) = Num. Of proton in an atom Nucleon number; A = Number of proton+ Number of neutron.
T.2.3
Element Oxygen Isotope Oxygen-16 Oxygen-17 Oxygen-18 Carbon-12 Carbon-13 Carbon-14 Chlorine-35 Chlorine-37 17 17 18 20 17 17 35 37 37 Cl 17 Number of proton Number of neutron Proton number Z Nucleon number A Atomic symbol
carbon
Chlorine
What is isotope? An atomic of an element that consist of the same proton number but different number of neutron
E.g.: Isotope of hydrogen Industrial sector: 1 Protium 0 Deuterium Tritium Archeology field: H Science field:
T.2.4
Shell 3; Maximum: 8 electrons Shell 4; Maximum: 8 electrons. ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM (for the 1st 20 elements)
Example
Element
Proton Number Z
No. of electron
Electron arrangement
Hydrogen, H
Helium, He Lithium, Li Beryllium, Be Boron, B Carbon, C Nitrogen, N Oxygen, O Fluorine, F Neon, Ne Sodium
1
2 3 4 5 6 2.5 8 3 2.2 2 x x x