Miss S.

Rajiah

Deafness a hearing loss so great that hearing cannot be used to develop oral language

Hearing Impairment a hearing loss that may range in severity from mild to profound. It consists of two groups, those who are deaf and those who are hard of hearing.

A deaf person is one whose hearing loss precludes successful processing of linguistic information through audition, with or without a hearing aid.

The congenitally deaf those who were born deaf

The Adventitiously deaf those who were born with normal hearing but in whom the sense of hearing became non-functional later through illness or accident.

Hard of Hearing A person who is hard-ofhearing is one who, generally with the use of a hearing aid has residual hearing sufficient to enable successful processing of linguistic information through audition

Conductive Hearing Loss Sensori-neural Hearing Loss Mixed Hearing Loss Functional Hearing Loss Central Auditory Disorders

It results from problems with the structures in the outer or middle ear, generally a blockage in the mechanical conduction of sound. Sounds must be amplified to overcome the blockage.

Middle ear infection otitis media Results from a malfunction of the eustachian tube

Oxygen in the air trapped in the middle ear is absorbed by the middle ear cavity tissue

Tissues of the middle ear secrete fluid to fill the void created by absorbed oxygen

This fluid may become infected Children have more eustachian tube problems and much more frequent middle ear infections.

Blockage of the auditory canal by excessive earwax or a foreign body Otosclerosis, resulting from the formation of a spongy-bony growth around the stapes, which progressively impedes its movement and causes

gradual deterioration of hearing.

Can be overcome by stapedectomy

Temporary Amount of hearing loss varies depending on the medical condition that causes it Seldom severe enough to prevent someone from hearing speech entirely

Can cause a child to miss sounds and words and

delay development of speech and language

It results from damage to the cochlea or the auditory nerve.

The damage is caused by illness or disease Greater than those caused by Conductive disorders and require extensive treatment

Viral diseases Infectious meningitis

Chicken pox Influenza Rubella

Mumps Measles

Rh incompatibility erythroblastosis fetalis the result of the destruction of the fetal Rh positive blood cells by maternal antibodies.

Ototoxic medications medicines that destroy or damage hair cells in the cochlea

OTOTOXIC DRUGS

These drugs can cause

partial or complete hearing loss when taken by the child or the pregnant mother (during the first 3 months of pregnancy the fetus is susceptible)

Kanamycin Neomycin Gentamycin Streptomycin

vancomycin

Hereditary factors genetic problem Syndromes such as Alports syndrome Treacher-Collins syndrome and Downs syndrome are examples of genetic conditions that may result in hearing loss

Exposure to noise & aging

Noise can damage hearing Hearing deteriorate as we grow older

Aging and excessive noise initially affect our ability

to hear high-frequency sounds

The loss may gradually progress until we have

problems understanding speech

Not medically or surgically treatable Quite severe and require long term rehabilitation effort

Caused by both sensorineural and conductive problems

Can create serious problems for schoolchildren Physician may focus on conductive medically treatable and be unaware of sensorineural component

Children may not receive proper treatment for a problem that affects their classroom performance

Most hearing losses are caused by conductive, sensorineural and mixed problems

All 3 types may affect one ear more severely than the other

Child relies on the better ear and may turn that ear toward the speaker

Child has trouble determining the source of a sound

Not organic in origin Affected to compensate for some real or perceive social or psychological difficulties

May be psychosomatic or hysterical in origin Person may not be conscious of the assumed loss

Occurs in children between ages of 9 and 13 Discovered in hearing tests given in schools Child is upset or unhappy Problems in the family divorce, friction, diversion of parents attention which cause child to assume a

hearing loss

Among adults it is consciously intended to gain some perceived advantage

Audiologists can detect losses in adults that are not real

Some are not intentional and may result from emotional or psychological problem

There is no measurable peripheral hearing loss

Children may display problems with auditory comprehension and discrimination auditory learning and language development

Results of lesions or damage to the central nervous system

Children with CAD have trouble learning and are often considered learning disabled