(DERMAGA)

Transhipment operations: actual situation of the partnership between the PA and the private sector

Port Authority: infrastructure

Private sector: superstructure

Locks Docks Quay Walls ...

Pavement Handling equipment Werehouses ...

SHIPS & THEIR INFLUENCE ON PORT FACILITIES

SHIP CHARACTERISTICS
MAIN DIMENSIONS : Length Beam Draft CARGO CARRYING CAPACITY

GOVERNING / DETERMINATION

INFLUENCE ON PORT FACILITIES

Length & layout of terminal, length Widths & bends of channels, of quay, location of transit sheds the size of port basins The reach of CHE Width of channels & basins Water depth along the berth, in channels & basins Minimum storage requirement for full ship load Handling rate Types of CHE (quay cranes & booster pumps)

CARGO HANDLING Cargo handling rates GEAR (CRANE & PUMPS) TYPES OF CARGO UNITS Handling equipment & storage (BULK, CONTAINER, ETC) SHAPE OF HULL & MOTION MOORING EQUIPMENT (ROPES & WIRES) MANOEUVRABILITY AT LOW SPEED

Mooring & fender design Motion of ships & their mooring forces Channels, port entrance, basin layout & harbor tug

Characteristic loads acting on a berth structure

1.From Sea Side 2.From berth itself
3.From Landside

Horizontal loads

Vertical loads

Horizont al loads

Vertical loads

Horizontal loads

Vertical loads

From Ship Sea Berthing

Ship lying at berth

Dead weight

Super imposed loads

1.Temp. 1.Berth 1.Bollard 1. Vessel 1.Wave 1.Speed shrinkage 2.Building forces caused by 2.Ice hangs up 2.From 2.Current on the pressure ships own cranes engine, wind,3.Wind or current. 4.Waves fendering 3.Wind force 2. Bollard on building When V is 4.Forces 3. Heave fixed Ef is calculated force cause against curb. 5.Horz.forces and the force by ice due to on the berth 4. Live frictional determined. saving material 2. Forces equipment along the front of the berth. 3. Bollard force

1.Superimposed loads and wheel loads 2.Snow loads 3.Ice forces

1.Dead weight on filling 2.Superim posed loads on filling 3.Waterpore pressure

Berths, Fendering ,Jetties, Pier Caisson

Berth Structure The design wave height Hdes, which should be chosen for the design may, depending on the severity of the allowable risk, be as follows:
Type of structure Erosion protection Rubble-mound breakwater Concrete breakwater Berth Structures Structure with high safety requirements Hdes/Hs 1.0 to 1.4 1.0 to 1.5 1.6 to 1.8 1.8 to 2.0 2.0

The purpose of a berth structure is mainly to provide a vertical front where ships can berth safely. The berth fronts are constructed according to one of the following two main principles, as illustrated in figure 3.4.1. A. :

Solid Berth Structure : The fill is extended right out to the berth front where the a vertical front wall is constructed to resist the horizontal load from the fill and a possible useful load. Open Berth Structure : From the top of a dredged or filled slope and out to the berth front a load bearing slab is constructed on columns or lamella walls. In open structures all vertical loads are transmitted via the columns or lamella walls to rock, or to a load resistant sub soil stratum.

The bearing of horizontal loads can take place at three levels : at quay level between deck

Characteristic loads acting on a berth structure

1.From Sea Side 2.From berth itself
3.From Landside

Horizontal loads

Vertical Horizont Vertical loads loads al loads

Super imposed loads

Horizontal loads

Vertical loads

From Ship Sea Berthing

Ship lying at berth

Dead weight

and bottom level at bottom level

1.Berth 1.Superimposed 1.Dead weight 1.Bollard 1. Vessel 1.Temp. 1.Wave 1.Speed 2.Building loads and wheel on filling caused by forces 2.Ice hangs up shrinkage 2.From loads 2.Superim pressure ships own 2.Current on the cranes 2.Snow loads engine, wind,3.Wind posed loads 3.Ice forces or current. 4.Waves fendering 3.Wind force on filling 2. Bollard on building When V is 3.Waterpore 3. Heave 4.Forces fixed Ef is pressure calculated force cause against curb. 5.Horz.forces and the force by ice due to on the berth 4. Live frictional determined. saving material 2. Forces equipment along the front of the berth. 3. Bollard force

Bower rope

Bower breast

Bower spring

Stern spring

Stern breast

Stern rope

Berth Front

Berth Line

Apron

Natural Terrain

Berth Front Height

Water Depth

Habour Basin Dredged Bottom GENERAL Quay slab Front wall

Filled Dredged SOLID BERTH Quay slab

Front wall

Dredged or Excavated

Erosion protection Columns (piles)

OPEN BERTH

Figure : Type of berth front structure

General consideration
General considerations should be taken before making a quay wall are whether the quay wall are built along shore line, inland or in deep water.

a) along shoreline

b) inland

c) in deep water

Figure

: Location choice of berth construction

Boundary Condition :
A choice of quay wall structure is strongly affected by some boundary condition, such as:
Soil condition; it is the most important consideration since it has more or less 50% geotechnical problem. Soil pressure Life load on quay, uniform load, point loads, mooring forces

(bollard, fenders)
Depth in front of quay Tidal effects/water table behind quay Secondary effects; wind, current, waves, swell, seismic loads, ice loads

QUAY WALL

Type of Quay Walls

Figure. : Cross-Section of a Quay Wall in Block Construction

Figure. : Design of Quay Wall in Blockwork Construction in an Earthquake

Pertimbangan Praktis

Tanah keras harus dekat ke dasar dock Memerlukan banyak penggalian dan penurunan water table Kualitas sempurna dapat diperoleh Ongkos pemeliharaan yang rendah

Overall stability

M Sliding

Figure

: Stability of Berth Structure