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Siemens AG 2006
3 definite-time stages
1 inverse-time stage: IEC, logarithmic inverse or ANSI characteristic this stage can also be used as a 4th definite-time stage Directional determination with 3V0 and/or Ipol of an earthed power transformer Directional determination with V2 and I2 (negative sequence) Sensitive 3I0-measurement with a pick-up range: 0.005 A to 100 x In Elimination of higher harmonics with special digital filters Inrush-stabilisation with I0/100Hz Teleprotection: Directional comparison, Blocking or Unblocking Operation with weak infeed trip and echo Instantaneous trip after switch-onto-fault
Siemens AG 2006 Power Transmission and Distribution
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IL1
IL2 IL3
Zf IE
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A Pos. Seq.
I2B U2B
3x RFault
I0B U0B
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*)
I0P
*)
U0P U2P
I0L, I2L
not needed for numerical relays, U0P may also be internally calculated
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SOTF
Teleprotection
P P
= & &
T
EF>>> Trip
>EF>>> block
3I0>>> Def. Time Stage 3I0>> Def. Time Stage 3I0> Def. Time Stage
= &
P3146 AddTdelay
T(3I0/IN)
&
EFp Trip
T >EFp block
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General settings:
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&
I2 = a*I0 L3-E
L1-E I2 = I0 L2-E
I2 = a2*I0
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U0P or U2P may fall below critical value (approx. 1 V secondary) and limit relay high resistance earth fault sensitivity Zero or negative sequence sources to be available behind relay location Minimum settings at least > 3 times VT and CT inaccuracies Current setting above line unsymmetry (M0 = Z01/Z0 or M2 = Z21/Z1) (series compensated lines require higher current setting due to possibility of unsymmetrical gap flashover) Separate current threshold setting for tele-protection : 3I0<Min Teleprot Inhibits echo send / releases block signal send Must be set to consider capacitive charging currents Teed load on line may reduce I2 at relay location Teed earthed transformer may reduce I0 at relay location DEF should be blocked during 1-pole ARC dead time Pick-up threshold biasing by Iph > to avoid false operation with CT saturation
Page 11 TLQ 2004 Distance Protection -Earth Fault Protection Siemens AG 2006 Power Transmission and Distribution
E/F. frwd.
&
TS
transm.
transm
TS
&
E/F. frwd.
&
trip
trip
&
rec.
rec.
TS
*Three-terminal schemes are supported as well
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