OVERVIEW OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

STRUCTURE OF PRESENTATION
TERMINOLOGIES RELATED TO DISASTER MANAGEMENT TYPES OF NATURAL DISASTERS CONSEQUENCES OF NATURAL DISASTERS HAZARD/DISASTER PROFILE OF INDIA DIVISION OF INDIA AS PER VULNERABILITY DAMAGE DUE TO NATURAL DISASTERS IN INDIA NATIONAL OBJECTIVES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT NEED FOR NATIONAL POLICY ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT DISASTER MANAGEMENT

TERMINOLOGIES
HAZARD: A threatening event, or the probability of occurrence of a potentially damaging phenomenon within a given time period and area is called a Hazard.

DISASTER: A serious disruption of the functioning of a society, causing wide spread human, material or environmental losses, which exceed the ability of, affected society to cope using only its own resources is called a Disaster.

VULNERABILITY :The degree of loss to a given element at risk or set of elements resulting from the occurrence of a natural phenomenon of a given magnitude and expressed on a scale from 0-(no damage) to 1- (total damage) is called Vulnerability.

Hazard * Vulnerability = Disaster

(Source:isdr.net)

TYPES OF DISASTERS
Natural Disaster : Hydro-meteorological: Avalanches/landslides, Drought/famines, extreme temperature, floods, forest/scrub fires, wind storms, and other (insect infestation and wave/surges) Geophysical : Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions. Non-natural Disaster : Industrial: Chemical spill, collapse of industrial structures, explosion, fire. Miscellaneous: Collapse of domestic structures, explosion, fire Transport: Air, rail, road and water borne accidents.

SOCIAL, ECONOMIC & HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF NATURAL CALAMITIES

Source: Natural Disaster Management. Org.in
S. No.
1.

NATURAL CALAMITIES Consequences Loss of life EarthQuake

X

Cyclone
X

Flood
X

Fir e
X

Drought/ Famine
X

2.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

Injury
Epidemiological threat Loss of crops Loss of housing Damage to infrastructure Disruption of communications Disruption of transport Panic Looting Breakdown of social order Short-term migrations Permanent migration Loss of Industrial production Loss of Business Distruption of marketing systems

X
X X

X
X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X

LEGEND : X - Direct Consequences

X #

X X X

X X X

X X X

X X X

# # #

# - Secondary Consequences 15.

16

DISASTER PROFILE OF INDIA

ASIA PACIFIC- 60% of worlds natural disasters.

19881997 1998 1999 2001

5116 lives 9846 10000 16000

24.79 million affected every year 34.11 million people affected Thousands homeless

. spiraling out of control, increasing in frequency, causing more and more injury, disability, disease and death, adding to the health, economic and social burden of an already impoverished nation.

ALARMING STATISTICS

28% of countrys total cultivable area in drought prone

76 Lakh hac. Of land are flooded every year.

57% of India is earth quake prone.

Source: www.infochangeindia.org

DIVISION OF INDIA AS PER NATURAL DISASTERS

SEISMIC ZONES OF INDIA WIND AND CYCLONE ZONES OF INDIA FLOOD ZONES OF INDIA DROUGHT PRONE AREAS OF INDIA

SEISMIC ZONES
ZONE-1 VERY LOW DAMAGED RISK ZONE
LOW DAMAGED RISK ZONE

ZONE-2

ZONE-3

MODERATE DAMAGE RISK ZONE

HIGH DAMAGE RISK ZONE

ZONE-4

ZONE-5

VERY HIGH DAMAGE RISK ZONE

Source : gujrat-earthquake.gov.in

NEW IDENTIFIED SEISMIC ZONES

OLD SEISMIC ZONES

source:

vulnearability maps of india.com

Source:Seismic map of india.htm

Annual Damage due to Heavy Rains, Landslide and Floods

S year n o . Dist ricts affe cted Villag es affect ed (no) Populati on affected (lakh) Crop area affect ed (lakh hac.) Houses damage d (no) Huma n life loss (no) Cattl e loss (no) Estimaval ue of loss of houses (in crores) Estimalo ss of public properti es (rs. In crores)

1 1999 20 2

33,15 8

328.1

8.45

884,82 3

1,375

3,86 1

.72

2 2000 20 0
3 2001 12 2

29,96 4
32,36 3

416.24

34.8

2,736,3 55
346,87 8

3,048

102, 121
21,2 69

631.3

389.7

210.71

18.7

834

631.3

676.0

YEAR 2000 SHOWS THE HEAVY LOSSES IN EACH TERM OTHER THAN LOSS IN PUBLIC PROPERTY
Source : Annual Reports, Natural Disaster Management Division, Ministry of Agriculture

Annual Damage due to Heavy Rains, Landslide and Floods

POPULATION AFFECTED (LAKH)
450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 416.24 328.1 210.71 34,000 33,000 32,000 31,000 29,964 30,000 29,000 28,000 1999 2000 2001 1999 2000 2001 33,158 32,363

VILLAGES AFFECTED

HOUSES DAMAGED
3,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000,000 500,000 0 1999 2000 2001 884,823 346,878 2,736,355

ESTIMATED VALUE LOSS OF HOUSES ( IN CRORES)

700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1999 2000 2001 0.72 631.3 631.3

E4STIMATED VALUE OF PUBLIC PROPERTY (IN CRORES)

40
800 600 389.7 400 200 0 2000 YEAR 2001 676

CROP AREA AFFECTED(LAKH HAC.)

34.8

35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1999 2000 2001 8.45 18.7

Source : Annual Reports, Natural Disaster Management Division, Ministry of Agriculture

MAP SHOWING FLOOD ZONES OF INDIA

source: vulnerability maps of india.com

DAMAGE DUE TO WIND AND CYCLONE IN INDIA

Affected due to wind storms
16,000,000 13,870,008 14,000,000 12,000,000 10,000,000 8,000,000 7,335,000 8,000,000 5,300,493 4,661,393 6,000,000 3,700,000 3,300,100 4,000,000 1,900,000 1,556,800 1,335,000 428,600 2,000,00027,000 72,500 80,000 105,000 131,700 30,000 100 0

No.

20 01

19 99

19 97

19 95

19 93

19 91

19 89

19 87

19 85

years

Killed due to w ind 15000 10000 5000 0 99 3,471 1,843 709524 782744805 219186 25 125 153 25 806128 93 74 166390

10,205

20 01

19 99

19 97

19 95

19 93

19 91

19 89

19 87

19 85

Source: EM-DAT, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Belgium

19 83

ea r

19 83

ea r

source: vulnerability maps of india.com

Losses due to drought

S n o . year Distri Villages cts affected affect (no) ed Populatio n affected (lakh) Crop area affected (lakh hac.) Estimated value of damage crop Cattle populatio n affected in lakh

1999

125

369.88

134.22

6.44

345.60

2 3

2000 2001 Total

110 103 338

54,883 22,255 77,138

378.14 88.19 836.21

367.00 67.44 568.66

371.87 NA 378.31

541.67 34.28 921.55

Source: Annual Reports, Natural Disaster Management Division, Ministry of Agriculture

LOSSES DUE TO DROUGHT

DISTRICTS AFFECTED
400 300 200 100 0 1999 2000 2001 Total 125 110 103 338 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0

VILLAGES AFFECTED
77,138 54,883 22,255

2000

2001

Total

POPULATION AFFECTED
1000 800 600 400 200 0 836.21 369.88 378.14 88.19 1999 2000 2001 Total

CATTLE POPULATION AFFECTED IN LAKH

600 400 200 0 541.67 345.6 34.28 1999 2000 YEAR 2001

ESTIMATED VALUE OF DAMAGE CROP

400 300 200 100 0 1999 2000 2001 Total 200 6.44 0 371.87 378.31 600 400

NO.

CROP AREA AFFECTED(LAKH HAC.)

568.66 367 134.22 67.44 2000 2001 Total

1999

Source: Annual Reports, Natural Disaster Management Division, Ministry of Agriculture00

INDIA- DROUGHT PRONE AREAS

source: vulnerability maps of india.com

CUMMULATIVE DISASTER HAZARDS

DISASTERS DUE TO LANDSLIDES

Events 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 5 3 3 2 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 2 1

Nos

01

99

97

95

93

91

89

87

85 19

Ye a

20

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

Affected
3000000 2,500,200 1,119,535 200,156 100 2,030 25 5,112

Nos

2000000 1000000 0

Source: EM-DAT, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Belgium

ea r 20 01 19 99 19 97 19 95 19 93 19 91 19 89 19 87 19 85 19 83 19 81

year

19

83

Damage due to Natural Disasters in India

Year People affected (LAKH) Houses & buildings, partially or Totally damaged 2,449,878 2,049,277 2,919,380 242,533 782,340 1,019,930 1,190,109 570,969 1,529,916 1,051,223 2,088,355 2,376,693 1,103,549 1,563,405 3,104,064 2,736,355 846,878 Amount of property damage/ loss in crores 40.06 30.74 20.57 40.63 20.41 10.71 10.90 20.05 50.80 10.83 40.73 50.43 n.a. 0.72 1020.97 800 12000

Source : Annual Reports, NDM Division, Ministry of Agriculture

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

595.6 550 483.4 101.5 30.1 31.7 342.7 190.2 262.4 235.3 543.5 549.9 443.8 521.7 501.7 594.34 788.19

Damage due to Natural Disasters in India Source : Annual Reports, NDM Division, Ministry of Agriculture
PEOPLE AFFECTED(LAKH)

NO.
1 2

YEAR
1985 1986

900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 1 01 . 5 30. 1 31 . 7 342. 7 262. 4 1 90. 2 235. 3 595. 6 550 483. 4 543. 5 549. 9 443. 8 521 . 7 501 . 7 594. 34

788. 1 9

3
4 5

1987
1988 1989

1 00 0

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 YEAR

6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

1990
1991 1992
NO.
4,000,000

Houses & buildings, partially or Totally damaged

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

2,919,380 2,449,878 3,000,000 2,049,277 2,000,000 1,000,000 0

2,376,693 2,088,355

3,104,064 2,736,355

1,529,916 1,190,109 1,019,930 1,051,223 782,340 570,969 242,533

1,563,405 1,103,549

846,878

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
YEA R S

CUMMULATIVE DISASTER HAZARDS

ESTIMATED VALUE OF CROPS (RS IN CRORES)

6000

VALUE

4210.76 3866

4000 2000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 STATES

DAMAGE CROP AREA IN Ha
ESTIMATED VALUE OF PUBLIC PROPERTIES(CRORES)

NO OF LIVES

LIVES LOST

STATES 1.ANDHRA PRADESH 2.ARUNCHAL PRADESH 3.ASSAM 4.BIHAR 5.GUJRAT 6.HIMANCHAL PRADESH 7.KARNATKA 9.KERALA 10 MADHYA PRADESH 11 PUNJAB 12. SIKKIM 13. UP 14. WEST BENGAL 15. TOTAL

94.52

222.810

27.43

AREA DAMAGED

40 30 20 10 4.22 2.24 0.04 0

1 2 3 4

34.79
VALUE

1000 776 500 0

792.1 389.72 389.72

19.2 3.92
5

0
6

0 0.57 0
7 8 9

0 0.25 0
10 11 12

4.35
13 14 15

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

STATES
HUMAN LIVES LOST

STATES
CATTLE LIVES LOST

4000 3048 3000 1474 2000 462 1000 257 26 32 0 274116149152 75 13 7 11 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 STATES

150000 100000 50000 0 9131 0 5368

102121 83630 1861 406 0 690 0 147 0 0 888

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 STATES

DAMAGE DUE TO HEAVY RAINS, LANDSLIDES AND FLOOD DURING SOUTHWEST MONSOON-2000

Wind & cyclone-B- EQ-very high risk zone-FZ

Wind & cyclone- EQ-very high risk zone-NFZ

source: vulnerability maps of india.com

NATIONAL OBJECTIVES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT

To make Disaster Management an integral part of National Development Agenda To create an Institutional Framework for risk Reduction To enhance capacities in Government, Communities and Civil Society to mitigate disasters in multi-hazard zones To facilitate HRD on Disaster Management (Capacity Building and Training activities) To sensitize Peoples Representatives on the need for Disaster Management Knowledge networking on Disaster Management.
Source: Monthly Newsletter of the Ministry of Home Affairs, (National Disaster Management Division) Government of India Edition 1 - September 2003

NEED OF NATIONAL POLICY FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT

A large number of Govt. of India ministries get involved in the aftermath of disasters The government response are handled by different departments which are under different ministries. Assessment of the damages is not an organized affair Our relief manuals (if at all they are available) are in many cases a century old, with minor modifications in provisions by executive orders, and like the contingency plans are marked Secret. vulnerability Atlas of India is heavily priced , and hardly available to people The "Right to Information" for people is not available in matters that affect their lives even in emergencies. No initiatives by the states to have a disaster management plan before a disaster. Despite the stated desires, the NGOs (voluntary sector) has neither been involved nor its initiatives or contributions recognised as a matter of policy FOR THESE REASONS , THERE IS "NEED FOR A NATIONAL POLICY ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT" THAT WILL INTEGRATE EFFORTS

Source: Working Group on Disasters set up by CAPART, 1995

DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE

PREVENTION

RECOVERY MITIGATION

RESPONSE PREPAREDNESS

DISASTER