PACKAGING

BY ADITI CHAKRABORTY (1) VAISHNAVI SINGH (27)

Packaging
Packaging is a wrapper or container for goods and is used by product manufacturers. The idea of packaging the goods is to increase the saleability of the product along with protecting the goods inside. Packaging has two major functions:

1. Distribution: It deals with packaging the apparel product in a manner which permits the apparel manufacturer to ship the product at the lowest cost and/or in the shortest time to the purchaser. 2. Merchandising: It deals with presenting the apparel product in a manner designed to stimulate consumer desire for the product.

Dictionary definitions
The Oxford Dictionary: The business or process of packing goods or the presentation of a person or thing in an advantageous way. The American Heritage Dicitonary: The manner in which something, such as a proposal or product, or someone, such as a candidate or author, is presented to the public. Collins English Dictionary: The presentation of a person, product, television programme, etc., to the public in a way designed to build up a favorable image. Babylons Dictionary: The wrapping in which an item is presented for sale.

History
The first packages used the natural materials available at that time: Basket of reeds, wineskins, wooden boxes , pottery vases, ceramic amphorae, wooden barrels, woven bags, etc. Processed materials were used to form packages as they were developed: for example, early glass and bronze vessels. The study of old packages is an important aspect of archaeology.

Necessities
Packaging is a very important marketing strategy to glamorize your product in order to attract the consumers attention. Sometimes packaging is so important that it cost more than the product itself in order to lure the consumers to buy it. Most consumers judge a product by its packaging before buying. So it is logical to say attractive packaging is crucial in order to get the first time buyers to buy your products. Packaging should definitely be included in the 4 major Ps of marketing (Product, Place, Promotion and Price).

Function and Scope of Packaging

Protection Value Addition Transportation Merchandising

Levels of Packaging
PRIMARY PACKAGING SECONDARY PACKAGING TERTIARY PACKAGING

Primary packaging

The customer actually handles the product in its primary packaging. This level of packaging may be the one that the consumer sees. It is kept till it is opened or throughout the products life.

Secondary packaging

Secondary packaging is the box or crate into which a number of primary packages are placed for ease of manual movement of products. Some secondary packaging is also used to display products.

Tertiary packaging
Transit packaging is the base pallet, strapping and wrapping used to bundle the boxes or crates for transport and distribution.

In merchandising packaging, the product is packaged in the container in which the customer is expected to recieve the product. Shipping package is in which the retailer recieves the products in bulk form. Merchandising package is a shipping package if the shipping handlers handle the same individual bulk forms the retailer will pass on to the consumer.

Types of Package Forms

Cases: wooden package, no openings in any of its sides. Crate: wooden package which has openings or spaces between the wood boards which make up its sides. Boxes: containers with separate covers. Cartons: containers which do not have separate covers.(Boxes or cartons are either of folding type which hold themselves or set-up type which require staples, glue or tape.) Bags: non-rigid containers made from plastic or paper film(envelope or sacks).

Wrap packages: parcels encased in unsealed sheet paper or plastic film

Types of Packaging Materials

Paper

Plastic film
Cords and bands

Gum tape
Corrugated paper Tissue Paper foil

Quality Specifications

The basic quality specifications for packaging paper and film are:
Clarity, Thickness, Width and length, Basic weight and Yield.

A. Properties

B. Characteristics
Tensile strength, Elongation, Bursting strength, Tearing strength, Flammability, Porosity, Moisture permeability, Sunlight tranference, Dimensional stability to heat and sunlight, Resistance to odors.

Packing and Shipping Equipment

Packing and Shipping Equipment may be categorized into five classes:

Product folding equipment- reduces cost of folding the garment Container shapers- packing machines which fabricate containers

Container loaders- packing machines which load a prefabricated container

Container sealers- seal packages Container conveyors- transporting packages

Packaging Equipment

Hangers: While packing a shirt 2

types of hangers are used:

a) Tubular Hangers: simple plastic ones or metal hangers embossed with plastic. b) Clip Hangers: having clips which holds the garment at the pinch.

Shirt boards: Placed on the back

of any standard size shirt, fold bottom and arms around board, for a crisp, neat appearance.

Pins: Simple all-pins or other pins

may supplement the use of clips while packaging and are used in place of clips to reduce down the packaging cost.Are mostly made of metal.

Clips: Clips are designed to keep the shirt and its packaging in place.Thus, they give a neat finish to the packaging.They may be made of plastic or metal.

Jet Clips

Cuff clips

M-clips

X-clips

Collar Strips: Placed underneath the collar of the shirts for a firm, finished look and collars will not crush.Made out of white cardboard sheet.

Collar Support: Transparent, clear plastic support that goes around the entire collar, at the neckline.

Collar Butterfly: Attached to the collar button of the shirt for holding the ends of the collar strip together. Made of clear plastic to give a neat finish.

Collar Stay: Collar bone also called

collar stay is introduced at the ends of the collar to give it a crisp, neat stand.Made of plastic and can be permanently attached at the collar or may be removable.

Tags: Brand tags bear the name of

the shirt brand of the company.They are made of various materials like plastics, board paper, gunny bags, wood, etc.Attached to the shirt with the help of a plastic loop.

Shirt flip bag: These releasable cover seal bags are used to store the shirts thereby protecting them from dirt and dust. Made from durable, light weight, clear plastic.

Shirt Boxes: Used to store the packed shirts and protect them from damage while transportation. 1 box, depending on the size can store from 1 to 6 shirts at a time. Made out of high quality white paperboard.

Price Ticket
Code: Quality: Blend: Style: PKD Date: (bar code) MRP: Rs. (Address of the industry where the shirt is manufactured) E-mail:

Vacuum Packaging
Vacuum packing or vacuum packaging is a method of packaging that removes air from the package prior to sealing. The intent is usually to remove oxygen from the container to extend the shelf life of foods and, with flexible package forms, to reduce the volume of the contents and package.[1]
It reduces atmospheric oxygen, limiting the growth of aerobic bacteria and preventing the evaporation of volatile components. It is also commonly used to store dry foods over a long period of time, such as cereals cured meats, cheese, smoked fish, coffee, and potato chips (crisps).

Eco-friendly packaging materials

Packaging made from corn based plastic. Shrink packaging and stretch packaging to reduce packaging waste.

Sustainability
Sustainable communities are described as places where people lead lives of quality and dignity without damaging the ecological systems responsible for clean air, safe water, healthy foods, shelter and human health.

Sustainability is the goal of maintaining a human society over time in ways that are fair and just for all people and do not damage the environment and its biodiversity.

Sustainable packaging

Packaging that is functional, cost effective and meets sustainability principles or design criteria.

Sustainable packaging
Must follow the following rules:Zero carbon
Zero waste Local and sustainable materials Sustainable water Health and happiness

Strategies for sustainable packaging

Renewable and compostable materials

Examples
Bioplastics made from corn, potato, wheat, or dairy polymers

Paper and cardboard from sustainable managed forests

Cellulose film

Recycled and recyclable materials

Examples
Paper and cardboard made from recycled fibre or moulded pulp

Recycled and recyclable plastics like HDPE and PET

Packaging material life cycle

Stage 1 Stage 8

Designing

Stage 2

Disposing

Extracting

Stage 7

Stage 3

Using

Manufacturing

Stage 6

Stage 4

Retailing
Stage 5

Filling Distributing

The process that describes how packaging materials are created, manufactured, used and disposed of, recycled or re-used. Each stage has potential economic, social and environmental costs and benefits.

Micropin
Avery Dennison, a Europe based company developed this fastening product. It is a plastic T-end microfastner. Advantages: gives a neat presentation to the folded garment. doesnt cause any damage to the person handing the garment.

Thank You