Dr.

Joachim Wuttke

Waste Definition, Waste Classification

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Outlook
waste definition hazardous waste definition waste non-waste waste classification exercise on waste definition and waste classification

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waste definition and classification

waste product

disposal

recycling

green list Art. 11 document

not listed

amber list

red list

notification procedure
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waste definition

Basel Convention
Article 2 - Definitions
For the purposes of this Convention: 1. "Wastes" are substances or objects which are disposed of or are intended to be disposed of or are required to be disposed of by the provisions of national law;

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waste definition

Waste Framework Directive (75/442/EEC)

Article 1
For the purposes of this Directive: (a) waste shall mean any substance or object in the categories set out in Annex I which the holder discards or intends or is required to discard.

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waste definition

Annex I of Waste Framework Directive

Q1

Production or consumption residues not otherwise specified below Q6 Unusable parts (e.g. reject batteries, exhausted catalysts, etc.) Q8 Residues of industrial processes (e.g. slags, still bottoms, etc.) Q16 Any materials, substances or products which are not contained in the above categories
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waste definition

German Waste Act

Article 3 - Definition of Terms
(1) According to this Act, "waste" means all movable pro perty that falls within one of the categories listed in Annex 1 and which the owner disposes of, intends to dispose of or is required to dispose of. "Waste for recovery" is waste that is recovered; waste that is not recoverable is "waste for dis posal". (2) Disposal as referred to in Para 1 occurs when the owner presents movable property for recovery within the meaning of Annex IIB, or for disposal within the meaning of Annex IIA, or when the owner gives up actual physical ownership over the property and any further purpose for it ceases to exist.

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hazardous waste definition

Basel Convention
Article 1 - Scope of the Convention
1. The following wastes that are subject to transboundary movement shall be "hazardous wastes" for the purposes of this Convention: (a) Wastes that belong to any category contained in Annex I, unless they do not possess any of the characteristics contained in Annex III; and (b) Wastes that are not covered under paragraph (a) but are defined as, or are considered to be, hazardous wastes by the domestic legislation of the Party of export, import or transit. 2. Wastes that belong to any category contained in Annex II that are subject to transboundary movement shall be "other wastes" for the purposes of this Convention.
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waste / non-waste 1/6

A waste ceases to be a waste when

(a) it requires no further processing by a recovery operation; AND (b) the recovered material can and will be used in the same way as a material which has not been defined as waste; AND (c) the recovered material meets all relevant health and environmental requirements

Source: FINAL GUIDANCE DOCUMENT FOR DISTINGUISHING WASTE FROM NON-WASTE OECD Document ENV/EPOC/WMP(98)1/REV1) Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler bereinkommen

waste / non-waste 2/6

Criteria
Is the material produced intentionally? Is the material made in response to market demand? Is the production of the material subject to quality control? Does the material meet well developed nationally and internationally recognised specifications/standards?
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waste / non-waste 3/6

Criteria
Do these standards include environmental considerations, in addition to technical or economic considerations? Is the material still suitable for its originally intended purpose? Can the material be used for another purpose as a substitute material? Is this processing limited to minor repair?
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waste / non-waste 4/6

Criteria
Will the material actually be used in a production process? Does the material have an identified use? Can the material be used in its present form or in the same way as a raw material without being subjected to a recovery operation?

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waste / non-waste 5/6

Criteria Can the material be used only after it has been subjected to a recovery operation? Is the use of the material as environmentally sound as that of a primary product? Does the use of the material in a production process cause any increased risks to human health or the environment greater than the use of the corresponding raw material?
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waste / non-waste 6/6

Criteria
Is the overall economic value of the material negative? Is the material no longer part of the normal commercial cycle or chain of utility? Is further processing required before the material can be directly used in a manufacturing/commercial application?

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waste / non-waste end of life goods

Is the good used for its originally intended purpose? Can the good be used directly without any further treatment for another purpose as a substitute material?

non-waste
Is repair necessary before the good is used for its originally intended purpose?

Is the good brought back the holder?

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waste / non-waste end of life goods

Is minor repair necessary?

case by case decision

Is major repair necessary?

waste

case by case decision

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Waste Classification

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Development of Waste Legislation 1/3

national regulations (i.e. German Waste Disposal Act of 1972)

waste definition framework for waste disposal

OECD-Decision C(88)90 Final

core list of waste (Y-List), disposal (D) and recovery (R) operations reasons why a material is controlled (Q-List) generic types of potential hazardous wastes (1994 harmonised with BC) hazardous characteristics (H-Criteria), constituents of potential hazardous wastes (C-List)
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Development of Waste Legislation 2/3

EU Waste Framework Directive (75/442/EEC) as amended

Q-List, R and D operations,

EU Hazardous Waste Directive (91/689/EEC)

generic types, C-List, slightly different Hcriteria based on chemical legislation

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Development of Waste Legislation 3/3

Basel Convention
Y-List of C(88)90 as Annex I H-Criteria of C(88)90 as Annex III with reference to UN-RTDG R and D operations of C(88)90 as Annex IV Waste Lists of Annex VIII and Annex IX (developed based on OECD Waste Lists of C(92/39) new OECD Waste Lists of OECD Decision C(2001)107 developed based on Annex VIII and Annex IX of BC and the former Green, Amber and Red Lists of C(92/39)
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Waste Lists Comparison

1. Substance orientated 2. Source orientated 3. mixture of concepts

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principles and systems of waste classification

substance orientated classification OECD-Lists/Basel Lists

mixture of concepts

LAGA-Waste Lists (until 1998) NORM (Austrian Waste List)

EU Waste List (since 2002) EU Waste List (1999 - 2001) source orientated classification
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Waste List Comparison

Basel
scope hazardous waste R+D

OECD
hazardous + nonhazardous waste R risk assessment: Amber + Red R substance orientated

EU-WSR
hazardous + nonhazardous waste R+D intrinsic property: XX YY ZZ* [D] risk assessment: R D: source orientated EWL R: substance orientated OECD, In future: Basel A + B

basics

intrinsic property: A List R+D substance orientated

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European Waste List (EWL)

839 Waste codes

405 hazardous wastes 170 mirror entries
basic: intrinsic properties (H1 H14) Limit values based on classification of hazardous goods

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European Waste List (EWL)

General definition
dangerous substance
dynamic reference to list of hazardous goods

heavy metal

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European Waste List (EWL)

Step-In / Step-Out clause

step-out
in exceptional cases proven by notifier decided by competent authorities

step-in
waste exhibits a hazardous criteria decision by a member state has to be notified to COM checked by COM whether amendments of EWL is necessary
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European Waste List (EWL)

How to deal with mirror entries?

find the appropriate mirror entry check if sufficient scientific knowledge is available (hazardous goods classification, production process .) if no result: check analytics available worst case: full analytics

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European Waste List (EWL)

Use of list
first check chapter 1 12, 17 20 secondly check chapter 13 15 thirdly check chapter 16 lastly use codes ending with XX YY 99

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exercise on waste definition and waste classification

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compressors from fridges

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compressors from fridges

CFC

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end of life mobil phones

visual pre-sorting function control

mobile phone doesn't function: waste

Mobil phone is functioning: product

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electronic scrap

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CRTs

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CRTs

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waste non-waste / waste classification exercise

sample
1 2

material description
tungstate (tungsten ore) powdery scrap of hard metal, refractory metal
(57% W, 8,5% Co, 1,1% Ti, 0,9% Ta, 0,4% Nb, 0,3% Ni)

OECD Code

Basel Code

EWL Code

8
13 21 31 39

mixed glass waste (from households)

CRT-glass cullet, funnel glass, not processed wood pellets (fuel) used catalyst, containing transition metals brass dross, from shaping

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Thank you for your attention

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Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler bereinkommen Wrlitzer Platz 1 06844 Dessau Anlaufstelle Fax Anlaufstelle e-mail Anlaufstelle Dr. Joachim Wuttke e-mail Dr. Joachim Wuttke

Federal Environment Agency Focal Point Basel Convention Wrlitzer Platz 1 06844 Dessau ++49 (340) 2103 3296 ++49 (340) 2103 3103 focal.point.basel@uba.de ++49 (340) 2103 3459 joachim.wuttke@uba.de

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