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Is Exam 2 going to be cumulative or will it just cover the second part of the information? Are cause-and-effect relationships the same as causal relationships? Can you give a clear example of the difference between confounding variables and extraneous variables?
Extraneous variables any variables other than the studied dependent and independent variables in a study (e.g. random time of day) Confounding variables extraneous variables that change systematically with the studied variables (e.g. time of day systematically varied with a treatment)
Do researchers need to address extraneous variables in their study, or only when the extraneous variables become confounding variables that effect the dependent variable? Can you have more than one dependent variable?
Questions
Are errors in research thought of as being a thirdvariable (such as environmental or participant changes)? I guess I dont really understand the difference between a third-variable, errors, and extraneous variables.
Third-variable is a confounding variable and a confounding variable is a kind of extraneous variable
Can manipulation be deceptive If so can the manipulation be a problem when it domes to ethics? Are we skipping chapter 7 because 7 was on the syllabus but today we did chapter 8.
Dusana Rybarova
Psyc 290B May 24 2006
Outline:
1. Introduction Characteristics of betweensubject design 2. Advantages and disadvantages of between-subjects designs 3. Within and between treatments variability 4. Other threats to internal validity of between-subjects designs 5. Applications and statistical analyses of between-subjects designs
within-subjects design
different groups of scores are all obtained from the same sample of participants e.g. one sample of individuals is given a memory test using a list of one-syllable words, and then the same set of individuals is tested again using a list of two-syllable words
environmental variables
characteristics of the environment differ between groups e.g. one group may be tested in a large room and another group in a smaller room
disadvantage
variability within treatments it is caused by individual differences should be minimized
differential attrition
attrition refers to participant withdrawal from a research study before it is completed differential attrition refers to differences in attrition rates from one group to another and can threaten the internal validity of a between-subjects experiment (e.g. effectiveness of a dieting program)
compensatory equalization
occurs when an untreated group learns about the treatment being received by another group and demands the same or equal treatment (e.g. watching Batman in violent TV group)
resentful demoralization
opposite of compensatory rivalry occurs when an untreated group learns about the treatment received by another group and is less productive and less motivated because they resent the expected superiority of the treated group