Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
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By Professor Ranjit Roy Chaudhury** National Professor of Pharmacology (National Academy of Medical Sciences) & Chairman Task Force for Research Apollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation Kolkata 10th December 2009
** Former Professor and Head, Dept. of Pharmacology, Dean and Acting Director Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
GAP
Pharmacological
expertise needed
and
Availability of pharmacologists
2
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GAP
Type
Type
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GLOBAL LEADERSHIP
International Clinical
Traditional
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DRUG DISCOVERY
New
molecules coming from Indian laboratories 40+ molecules at different stages of clinical trials in India Interesting leads sold to the foreign companies Essential to have drug development expertise in India
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pharmacology
Pharmacogenetics Molecular
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pharmacology
6
USA
$70,000133,000 $75,000140,000
India
$7,000 $9,500
Thailand
$22,000 $25,000
Singapore
$16,300 $22,000
$7,200
$7,200
$12,700
$11,500
$12,000
$9,600
$3,600
$9,300
$4,400
$13,000
$5,300
$16,500
$35,00052,000
$10,50016,000
$4,800
$5,000
$7,500
CLINICAL TRIALS
Why India?
Availability
of a large population of patients Large variety of diseases prevalence Availability of naive patients, 299 medical colleges, competent clinicians with fluency in english Greatly reduced cost for carrying out clinical trials Relatively strong drug regulatory agency
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or
BANE
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Mumbai Reproductive Toxicology NIN, Hyderabad Toxicology JIPMER, Pondicherry Genotoxicology - Reverse Pharmacology Regional Research Institute, Jammu Standardization
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Belgaum Traditional medicine Himalayan Institute, Palampur Cultivation of medicinal plants Bose Institute, Kolkata Plant genome research
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Institute, Hyderabad Pharmacodynamics CMC, Vellore Centre for evidence based medicine Vivekananda Yoga Kendra Effect of yoga
Nair KEM
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New Delhi PGIMER, Chandigarh BHU, Varanasi Medical Colleges Cuttack - Trivandrum - Chennai - Kottayam
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protect patient/public from exploitation Committee needed at all centres where clinical trials are being carried No trial to be carried out till proposal cleared by Ethics Committee and Placed in Register of Clinical Trials, ICMR
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Consent
of Placebo
of data
Ownership Rights
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RESEARCH
Resources Technology Bio-diversity
North South
Yes No
Yes No
No Yes
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17
Multi-centred
Clinical
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trial
18
pharmacology trials
trials
blind studies
of one trials
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Sample
19
therapeutics
Reduction
of side effects - Inappropriate dose - Inappropriate duration of treatment - Interactions in cost of medication - Individual - Family - Community - Country
Reduction
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20
Pradesh
Uttar
Pradesh
Haryana Mumbai
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Corporation
21
National
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of drug policy Selection of drugs to be used in country Drug regulation Drug discovery Carrying out clinical trials Corporate and government hospitals Research in traditional medicines Pharmacovigilance Memberships/Chair Ethics Committees
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Professor Ranjit Roy Chaudhury Professor V. S. Mathur Professor P. L. Sharma Dr. K. S. Raghavan Dr. S. K. Garg Collaboration: Professor P. K. Devi Professor R. N. Chakravarty Guidance and Support: Professor P. N. Chhuttani Professor K. L. Wig Professor Santokh Singh Anand
25
Two
Clinical
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attachment
26
of clinical pharmacology Medical Directors/Vice-Presidents in pharmaceutical houses Heads of drug regulatory agencies Heads of divisions in research institutes Academic staff of medical colleges
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NEED
28
in pharmacology from colleges of pharmacy course in pharmaceutical medicine run by KEM Hospital, Mumbai
90 trainees each year
Masters
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ten years 45 to 63 billiion dollars + 9.00 billion dollars If health insurance comes in
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INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
Patients from Abroad
1999 10,000 2004 180,000 Annual growth rate 25 to 30% Example Apollo Hospitals In last five years 60,000 from 55 countries
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biology in pharmacology Clinical pharmacology and recent advances Drug regulations Drug development process Clinical trials Therapeutic drug monitoring
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delivery systems - Transdermal drug delivery Ocular pharmacology Pharmacovigilance Regulations regarding IPR Pharmacogenetics Genomic pharmacology
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PHARMACOLOGY POSTGRADUATES
More
Different
NEED No
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tremendous
time to lose
34