Compiled By

Shivani Dogra
Roll No 36
Class 10
th

Measurement Formulas and Monomials
Multiplying and Dividing Monomials
Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Multiplying Monomials and Polynomials
Multiplying Polynomials
Factoring Trinomials of the Form x
2
+bx+c
Factoring Trinomials of the Form ax
2
+bx+c
Factoring a Difference of Squares
Solving Quadratic Equations
Dividing a Polynomial by a Binomial

Sphere:
Surface Area:
Volume:
Measurement formulas are mostly made of monomials.
Monomials are the product of a coefficient and one or more variables. In order
to solve the monomial you must substitute a number for each variable.
2
4 r SA t =
3
3
4
r V t =
Cylinder:
Surface Area:
Volume:
rh r SA t t 2 2
2
+ =
h r V
2
t =
Height
Radius
Cube
Surface Area:
Volume:
Radius
2
6x SA =
3
x V =
Multiplying and Dividing
Monomials
The Coefficient is the number in front of the variable.
The Constant is the number by itself.
Polynomials
Monomial
x
2x
Trinomials
5a+8b+5c
lmn+6+hij
Binomials
a+7
3a+4b
Multiplying

Add the exponents and
Multiply the Coefficients so
the answer would be
( )( )
3 4 7 6
3 3 y x y x
10 10
9 y x =
Dividing

Subtract the exponents and
divide the coefficients so the
answer would be
8 3
2 9
6
30
b a
b a
6
6
5
b
a
=
Common Mistakes: Remember to multiply or divide the negative or positive sign of
the coefficient in. When dividing, remember to put answer to the exponent where
the larger exponent used to be.
Degree of a Polynomial-
To find the degree of a polynomial, add together the exponents on the variable for each term. The
largest number is the degree of the polynomial.
Ex:









4 3 5 4
2 3 11 14 y x xy xy y x + + +
The exponent
4 from the x,
plus the
exponent 1
from the y
would equal 5.
The exponent from
x plus the exponent
of y would equal 2.
The exponent of x
plus the exponent of
y would equal 6.
The exponent of x
plus the exponent of
y would equal 7
Therefore the degree
would be 7 since its the
highest sum.
Common Mistakes: When finding the degree, if its just a
variable by itself, dont forget to add one even if it doesnt
have a one as an exponent.
Adding and Subtracting Polynomials-
To add or subtract polynomials, simply combine like terms.
Ex: 14x
4
y+11x
4
y+3xy
5
+2xy
5




5 4
5 25 xy y x + =
These two
are like
terms
These two are
like terms
Common Mistakes: Remember to switch the variables for each term
when adding or subtracting if they are not in alphabetical order so you
wont forget to add them in the end.







) 2 2 ( 2 : y x x Ex
Multiply 2x with 2x and
multiply 2x with 2y.
xy x 4 4
2
=
Multiply. : Ex
Multiply 3 with everything inside the
brackets
) 5 4 ( 3
2
+ + x x 15 12 3
2
+ + = x x
Factor to check if you have the
right answer.
Ex: 2x(2x-2)-(-2x+4)
Multiply everything in the
brackets with -1
2x(2x-2)+2x-4
Multiply 2x with (2x-2)
4x
2
-4x+2x-4
Combine like terms
2x
2
-2x-4
Ex:
Expand:
Step 1:
Multiply the coefficients and the
constant terms.
) 4 )( 3 4 ( + + x x




12 3 16 4
2
+ + + x x x 12 19 4
2
+ + = x x
Common Mistakes: Remember to multiply ALL
coefficients and constant terms. Never forget the
negative sign, and variables too.
Step 2:
Combine like terms.






Quadratic
Term
Linear
Term
Constant
Term
6 5 :
2
+ + x x EX
) 2 )( 3 ( + + = x x
= x x
= 2 x = x 3 = 3 2
Ex:
Find the common factor, and remove it
first.




20 15 5
2
+ x x
) 4 3 ( 5
2
+ x x
Find two integers that have a product of
4 and a sum of 3.
) 4 )( 1 ( 5 + = x x
Common Mistakes- If there is a negative sign, dont forget about it and make sure you
use it when factoring. Another common mistake would be forgetting to find the common
factor first.
First, find two integers that have a
product of 6 and a sum of 5.
Ex:
Find two integers with the sum of 18 and a product of 8 and 5.

5 18 8
2
+ x x
) 1 4 )( 5 2 ( + = x x
Ex: Factor



4 22 10
2
+ y y
Common Mistakes: Dont forget to bring out the
common factor first.
) 2 11 5 ( 2
2
+ = y y
) 1 5 )( 2 ( 2 = y y
Bring out the common factor first
Find two integers so that the sum
of the product of the inside and
outside terms is -11 and they have a
product of 5 and 2.

Find the square root of 16. One is
negative and one positive. Then,
factor.



16 :
2
x Ex
) 4 )( 4 ( + = x x
1 :
4
x Ex
) 1 )( 1 )( 1 (
) 1 )( 1 (
2
2 2
+ + =
+ =
x x x
x x
Common Mistakes: When factoring a binomial,
dont forget to remove the common factor first.
Quadratic Equations:




8 10 3
, 25 4
, 0 6
2
2
2
= +
=
=
x x
x
x x




75 3 :
2
= x Ex
25 3 75 =
5. positive and negative both x Therefore,
5 25
25
2
=
=
= x




2. - or 3 either equal x would Therefore,
2 3
0 2 0 3
0 ) 3 )( 2 (
first. Factor
0 6 :
2
= =
= + =
= +
=
x x
x x
x x
x x Ex
Common
Mistakes-
Dont forget to
bring out the
common factor
first if you can.
Dividing a polynomial by a binomial is just like long division. It has a divisor,
quotient, remainder and dividend just like long division.
Ex:







____ 3
6 3
11 8 3 2
2
2
x
x x
x x x
+
+ + +
You multiply 3x with x to get 3x
2
, or
you can take 3x
2
and divide it by x to
get 3x. Then you multiply 3x by 2 to
get 6x.
11 2 + x
Bring down the 11.
Then subtract 6x from 8x to
get 2x. Take 2x and divide it
by x to get 2
4 2 + x
7
Subtract 4 from 11
to get 7 as a
remainder.
2 +
7 R
Remainder R Dividend, P
Quotient, Q Divisor, D
. get the To
Use
= =
= =
+ =
+ =
Statement Division
R DQ P
or
D
R
Q
D
P
When dividing, always look at
the first term.
And dont worry about
the second one.
7 ) 2 3 )( 2 ( 11 8 3x
: be ould question w for this Statement Division The
2
+ + + = + + x x x
area. surface and volume the Find 4cm. of radius a has beachball A 1.
cylinder. the of volume the Find 2.
5.5cm
Diameter is 3.8cm

(2ab
2
)(3ab)

(5a
3
b
4
)(2ab)
10ab
2

3x +7y 4x 3y

(6x- 2y)- (-2x- 2y)

7. Simplify 4x(5x 3y 5xy)
8. Factor: 20x
2
35x 70
9. Expand (4x-3)(x-9)
10. Factor: (x 4)(x 4)
11. Factor: x
2
+ 6x + 9
12. Factor: x
2
+17x + 72
13. Factor: 24x
2
13x 2
14. Factor: 4x
2
20x + 25

15. Factor x
2
225
16. Factor 18x
2
98
17. Solve x
2
+ 6x 15 = 4x
18. Solve 3a
2
+ 7a =10
19. Divide x 2 x
3
5x
2
x 10
)
20. Divide a - 3 a
3
19a 24
)
3. Simplify
4. Simplify
5. Simplify
6. Simplify

1. V= 268.08cm
3
, SA= 201.06cm
2
2.V= 62.4cm
3
3. 6a
3
b
3
4. a
2
b
3
5. x + 4y
6. 8x
5) - 5)(2x - (2x 14.
2) - 1)(3x (8x 13.
9) 8)(x (x . 12
) 3 )( 3 ( . 11
16 8 . 10
27 39 4 . 9
) 14 7 5(4x . 8
20 12 20 . 7
2
2
2
2 2
+
+ +
+ +
+
+


x x
x x
x x
x
y x xy x
54 10 3 . 20
24 7 3 . 19
3
10
, 1 . 18
5 , 3 . 17
) 7 3 )( 7 3 ( 2 . 16
) 15 )( 15 ( . 15
2
2
+

=
=
+
+
R a a
R x x
a
x
x x
x x

1. A beachball has a radius of 4cm. Find the surface area.
2
4 r SA t =
56637061 . 12 4 = t
16
2
= r
2
06 . 201 16 56637061 . 12 cm =
cylinder. the of volume the Find 2.
Diameter is 3.8cm
5.5cm
h r V
2
t =
2 8 . 3 = r
9 . 1 = r
61 . 3 9 . 1
2
=
34114948 . 11 61 . 3 = t
3
4 . 62 5 . 5 34114948 . 11 cm =
) 3 )( 2 .( 3
2
ab ab
Multiply the
coefficients
6
Add the
exponents of
like terms
2
a
3
b
2
4 3
10ab
) 2 )( (5a
4.
ab b
Multiply coefficients
and add the exponents
of like terms
2
5 4
10
10
ab
b a
Subtract the
exponents of like
terms and divide the
coefficients

a
3
b
3
y x y x 3 4 7 3 . 5 +
Change the sign of 2x and 2y.
y x 4 +
2y) - (-2x - 2y) - (6x . 6
x 8
Combine like terms
2y 2x 2y - 6x + +
Then, combine like terms
70 35 20 : . 8
2
x x Factor
) 5 3 5 ( 4 . 7 xy y x x
) 14 7 5(4x
2
x
y x xy x
2 2
20 12 20
Multiply 4x with everything in the
brackets
Find a common factor
16 8
2
+ x x
27 39 4
2
+ x x
) 9 )( 3 4 ( . 9 x- x-

10. Expand: (x 4)(x 4)
x x x 8 4 4 =
x x x 39 36 3 =
72 17 x : Factor . 12
2
+ + x
9 6 : Factor . 11
2
+ + x x
Find two integers with
the product of 9 and
sum of 6.
) 3 )( 3 ( + + x x
x x x 6 3 3 = +
9) 8)(x (x + +
Find 2 integers with the
product of 72 and the sum
of 17.
x x x 17 8 9 = +
25 20 4x : Factor . 14
2
+ x
2 13 24x : Factor . 13
2
x
5) - 5)(2x - (2x
2) - 1)(3x (8x+
x x x 13 3 16 = +
x x x 20 ) 10 ( 10 = +
98 18 . 16
2
x
225 x . 15
2

) 15 )( 15 ( + x x
) 7 3 )( 7 3 ( 2 + x x
Find the square root
of 255
First, find a common factor. It
would be 2
) 49 9 ( 2
2
x
Find the square root of
both numbers
10 7 3 . 18
2
= + a a
x x x 4 15 6 . 17
2
= +
5 , 3 = x
3
10
, 1 = a
Bring everything to one
side
0 15 2
2
= + x x
Factor
) 3 )( 5 ( + x x
Then solve
0 5 = + x 0 3 = x
Therefore
Bring everything to one
side
0 10 7 3
2
= + a a
Factor ) 1 )( 10 3 ( + a a
Then solve
3
10
3
3
10 3
0 10 3
=
=
= +
a
a
a
1
0 1
=
=
a
a
24 19 a 3 - a . 20
3
a
10 5 2 . 19
2 3
x x x x
54 10 3
2
R a a
24 7 3
2
R x x
Find a number to multiply by x-2 to get x
3
-5x
2
x
2
Multiply x
2
with x-2
x
3
-2x
2
Subtract x
3
-2x
2
from x
3
-2x
2
and bring down the x.
-3x
2
-x
Find another number and multiply again
-3x
2
+6x
-3x
Subtract and bring down the -10
-7x-10
Again, find a number that goes into -7x-10
and then multiply again
-7
Subtract and find to remainder
-7x+14
-24
R-24
First add a 0a
2
in between the a
3
and 19a
24 19 0 a 3 - a
2 3
+ a a
Find a number that goes into a
3
+ 0a
2
. It would be a
2

a
2
Multiply, subtract, and bring down the 19a
a
3
-3a
2
3a
2
-19a
Find a number that goes into 3a
2
-19a
+3a
3a
2
-9a
Subtract and bring down the 24.
-10a-24
Find a number that goes into 28a-24,
multiply, subtract and get your remainder.
-10
-10a+30
-54
R-54