Concept of Health, Illness & Wellness

Health Education Mark Neil V. Dancel, RN MAN

Concepts of Health & Wellness

HEALTH hael : heal WHOLE Concerns the whole person, integrity, soundness or well-being The person functions as a complete entity or unit (mind, body, spirit). In the natural world, there is no mind-body split. Rather, mind, body, and spirit are intricately connected Edmands, et.al. 1999

Concepts of Health & Wellness

Health is holistic (total health) It includes different dimensions of health taking into account the separate influences and interaction of these dimensions (Aggleton & Homans, 1987)

Dimensions of Health
Broader Dimensions Societal Health Link between health and the way a society is structured (shelter, peace, food, income) Environmental Health Physical environment where people live (housing, transport, sanitation, pollution, water facilities)

Dimensions of Health
Individual Dimensions Physical health: state of ones body Mental health: positive sense of purpose and underlying belief in ones own worth (self-esteem) Emotional health: ability to express ones own feelings appropriately and to develop and sustain relationships Social Health: support system available (family, friends)

Dimensions of Health
Individual Dimensions Spiritual Health: recognition of a Supreme being or Force; ability to put into practice ones moral principles or beliefs Sexual Health: satisfactory expression of ones sexuality

Definition of Health
WHO A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity (weakness or inability to perform activities of daily living to ones fullest capacity due to lack of strength).

Definition of Health
Cottrell, 2001 A state of mental, physical, spiritual, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity where it is conceptualized holistically.

Definition of Health
Cottrell, 2001
Physical health Biological integrity of an individual Mental health Subjective sense of well-being; intellectual capabilities Social health Ability to interact effectively with other people and the social environment Spiritual health Ones belief in a transcending, unifying force

Definition of Health
Orem A state characterized by soundness and wholeness of human structures, bodily and mental functions. Modern Concept of Health Optimum level of functioning (OLOF)

Factors Affecting OLOF

Political Behavioral Hereditary Health care delivery system Environmental Socio-economic

Health is a basic human right

Universal declaration of human rights Article 25, Section 1 Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and wellbeing of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age, or lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.

Health is a basic human right

Philippine Constitution of 1987 Article XIII, Section 11
The state shall adopt an integrated and comprehensive approach to health development which shall endeavor to make essential goods, health and other social services available to all the people at affordable cost. There shall be priority for the needs of the underprivileged, sick, elderly, disabled, women, and children. The state shall endeavor to provide free medical services to paupers.

Health is a basic human right

WHO
Governments have a responsibility for the health of their people which can be fulfilled only by the provision of adequate health and social measures. It emphasizes three basic positive concepts of health which are: Reflecting concern for the individual as a total person; Placing health in the context of the environment, and Equating health with productive and creative living.

Health and Wellness

Greenberg(1992) and Donatelle and Davis (1996) Philosophy of wellness: a positive quality and an integration of spiritual, intellectual, physical, emotional, environmental, and social dimensions of health to form a whole healthy person. Everyone can achieve optimal health and achieve some level of wellness when they have developed the six dimensions of health to the best of their ability

Health and Wellness

Dunn (1977) Emphasized high-level wellness (HLW) as an integrated method of functioning which is oriented toward maximizing the potential which the individual is capable of. The ability to maintain a continuum of balance and purposeful direction within the environment where he/she is functioning

Health and Wellness

Ability to live life fully with vitality and meaning

Health and Wellness

Difference Health Genes, age, other factors which may be beyond ones control Wellness Decisions a person makes about how to live his life.

Wellness
Wellness is now the new health goal!
A state of mind, a way of life A perception that one is capable of achieving ones full potentials through options one has in relation to being well The integration of the mind, body, and spirit. The level of self-actualization where one feels that he has lived a full and accomplished life.

Concepts of Health Education

Green, et.al. (1980) Any combination of learning experiences designed to facilitate voluntary adaptations of behavior conducive to health. Joint Committee on Health Education and Promotion Terminology of 2001 Any combination of planned learning experiences based on sound theories that provide individuals, groups, and communities the opportunity to acquire information and the skills needed to make quality health decisions.

Concepts of Health Education

WHO Comprises of consciously constructed opportunities for learning involving some form of communication designed to improve health literacy, including improving knowledge and developing life skills which are conducive to individual and community health. Health education is a science and a profession of teaching health concepts to promote, maintain and enhance ones health, prevent illness, disability and premature death through the adoption of healthy behavior, attitudes and perspectives. It draws health models and theories from the biological, environmental, psychological, physical and medical and even paramedical sciences like NURSING.

Purpose of Health Education

Positively influence the health behavior and health perspectives of individuals and communities for them to develop selfefficacy to adopt healthy lifestyles resulting to healthy communities.

Importance of Health Education

Empowers People Equips people with knowledge and competencies Enhances the quality of life Creates awareness regarding the importance of preventive and promotive care.

Legal Basis
RA 9173 Philippine Nursing Law of 2002 Rule IV, Article VI, Section 28
Provide health education to individuals, families, and communities; Teach, guide and supervise students in nursing education; Implement programs including the administration of nursing services in varied settings like hospitals and clinics.

Legal Basis
RA 9173
The nursing education program shall provide sound general and professional foundation for the practice of nursing taking into consideration the learning outcomes based on national and universal nursing core competencies. The learning experience shall adhere strictly to specific requirements embodied in the prescribed curriculum as promulgated by the Commission on Higher Educations policies and standards of nursing education.

Functions of a Professional Health Educator

Assess needs and capabilities Identify internal and external resources Plan, develop, coordinate different agencies Community organizing and outreach Conduct staff training/consultation Conduct regular periodic evaluation Make referrals Develop instructional materials Conduct research work

Health Educator
A professionally prepared individual who serves in a variety of roles and is specifically trained to use appropriate educational strategies and methods to facilitate the development of policies, procedures, interventions and systems conducive to the health of individuals, groups, and communities. His role is to help promote, enhance, and maintain the health of others.

Areas of Responsibility
Implement health education strategies, interventions and programs Administer health education strategies, interventions and programs Conduct evaluation and research Serve as a resource person Assess needs for health education Plan health education strategies, interventions and programs Communicate and advocate for health and health education