Pharmacology-1 PHL 313

First Lecture
By

Abdelkader Ashour, Ph.D.

Phone: 4677212 Email: aeashour@ksu.edu.sa

Overview
A. Introduction
- Pharmacology, Scope & link to other biomedical principles

- Definitions - Drug Nomenclature

B. Basic concepts in Pharmacology

- Drug-Body Interactions - Drug Receptors - Drug Receptor Interactions

Pharmacology, Scope &

link to other biomedical principles

Pharmacology,
Pharmacology

Definitions

The study of substances that interact with living systems through chemical processes, especially by binding to regulatory molecules (receptors) and activating or inhibiting normal body processes

Drug
a chemical substance of known structure, other than a nutrient or an essential dietary ingredient, which, when administered to a living organism, produces a biological effect

Receptor
A specific protein in either the plasma membrane or interior of a target cell with which the drug combines

Mechanism of Action
How the drug exerts its action

Dose
The amount of a drug to be administered at one time

Pharmacology,
Effects (therapeutic effects) The desired results of administration of a medication Side Effects (adverse effects) Effects that are harmful and undesired, and that occur in addition to the desired therapeutic effects

Definitions

Indications The reasons for administering a medication or performing a treatment Contra-indications Factors that prevent the use of a medication or treatment (e.g., allergies)

Drug Nomenclature
Chemical name represents the exact description of the drugs chemical composition Generic name (non-proprietary)
- derived from the chemical name itself - simpler than the chemical name and - easier to remember Example 1: the chemical name 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-l-ethanol is condensed to the generic name metronidazole. The word methylnitro is condensed to metroni and dazole is due to its imidazole ring Example 2: Metoclopramide is the condensed form of the word methoxychloroprocainamide: where Me is retained and th is written as t; chloro is written as clo: and procainamide is written as pramide

Brand or trade name (proprietary) is developed by the company requesting

approval for the drug and identifies it as the exclusive property of that company. Example 1: Metrogyl is the trade name for metronidazole. Example 2: Reglan is the trade name for metoclopramide. Example 3: Amoxil is the trade name for amoxycillin. Example 4: Celebrex is the trade name for celecoxib.