Urban problems in pollution

Pollution
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into a natural environment that causes instablity, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem either physical or living organisms It can take the form of chemical substances or energy such as noise heat or light

Types of pollution
Air

Water
Soil Noise Thermal Solid waste

pollutants
Pollutant is a waste material that pollutes air water soil which is the cause for pollution 3 main factors shows the severity of pollutant Its chemical nature Its concentration Its persistence Some of the pollutants are biodegradable and will not persist in the environment in the long term

Types of pollutants
Primary pollutants These are emitted directly from the source and persist in the form in which they were added to environment. eg: ash smoke dust sulphur oxide Secondary pollutants These are formed from primary pollutants by chemical interaction with the constituents present in the atmosphere eg: sulphur trioxide, nitrogen dioxide, aldehydes

It is the introduction of chemicals particulate matter or biological materials that causes harm to human and other living organisms also to the environment

Air pollution

Natural resources Dust from natural sources with large areas of

land of less vegetation or no vegetation Smoke and carbon monoxide from wildfires

Volcanic activity which produce sulphur

chlorine and ash particulates

effects
Irritation of the respiratory tract Irritation of eye nose and throat Lead particulates cause lead poisoning resulting in coma even death

Control devices
Particulate control Electrostatic precipitators An electrostatic precipitator is a particulate collection

device that removes particles from a flowing gas using

the force of induced electrostatic charge.this can easily

remove fine particulate matter such as dust smoke from

air stream

Baghouses designed to handle heavy dust loads,this dust

collector consist s of blower dust filter,a filter cleaning system or dust removal system Particulate scrubber Wet scrubber is a form of pollution control technology Here the polluted gas stream is brought into contact with

the scrubbing liquid by scrubbing it with liquid or by

forcing it through pools of liqiud to remove the pollutants

Water pollution
It the contamination of water bodies like ground water rivers etc This occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into the water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds Water pollution mainly affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water not only individual species but also biological communities

Sources
Organic water pollutants Detergents Food processing waste ie; oxygen demand substances, grease, petroleum hydrocarbons including fuel sand lubricants Inorganic water pollutants Acidity due to industrial discharges Ammonia from food processing waste Chemical wastse as industrial by-products Silt(sediments)in runoff from construction sites or land clearing sites

effects
Phosphorous and nitrates from fertilizers and detergents

contaminates surface waters where they act as nutrients and

promote the growth of oxygen consuming algae which reduces the DO level of water killing fish and other aquatic organisms Waterborne infectious diseases like typhoid ,cholera are the

predominant health hazards arising from drinking

contaminated water

Water pollution

Soil pollution
It is caused by the presence of chemicals or other alteration in the natural environment Common chemicals involved are petroleum

hydrocarbons solvents pesticides other heavy metals

sources
Rupture of underground storage tanks Application of pesticides Oil and fuel dumping

effects
Chronic exposure to chromium lead can cause congenital disorders Contaminants typically alter plant metabolism most commonly to reduce crop yields Virtual eradication of some of the primary food chain

Control devices
Excavate soil and take it to a disposal site away from

ready pathways for human

Extraction of groundwater or soil vapor with an active

electromechanical system with subsequent stripping of the

contaminants from the extract

Noise pollution
The word noise comes from the latin word nauseas

meaning seasickness
It is excessively displeasing human animal that disrupts

the activity or balance of human or animal life

sources
Industrial sources

Transport vehicles
House hold Agriculture machines Defense equipment

effects
Hypertension

High stress levels

Tinnitus Hearing loss Impairing of night vision

Control devices
Use of noise barriers

Limitations of vehicle speeds

Alteration of roadway surface texture

Limitation of heavy vehicles

Use of traffic control that smooth vehicle flow to reduce braking and acceleration Minimum use of loudspeakers and amplifiers

Thank you