Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
0mL sample of the runoff was acidified with HNO3 and treated with excess KSCN to form a red complex. (KSCN itself is colorless.) The solution then was diluted to 100.0mL and put in a variable pathlength cell. For comparison, a 10.0mL reference sample of 6.80x10-4 M Fe3+ was treated with HNO3 and KSCN and diluted to 50.0mL. The reference was placed in a cell with a 1.00cm light path. The runoff sample exhibited the same absorbance as the reference when the pathlength of the runoff cell was 2.48cm. What was the concentration of iron in the banana
2)
UV-vis spectroscopy is usually not very useful for qualitative analysis because there are few absorption maxima and minima Solvents:
a. Must be transparent in region of interest b. Should not interfere with absorbing species (but usually it does). Polar solvents tend to obliterate fine structural detail in molecular spectra
Example
The ultraviolet absorbances of a series of 9 standards having different nitrate concentrations were determined at 220nm using a 1.0cm cell; 8 samples of river water were taken downstream from a chemical plant, avg. absorbance 0.642. What is the nitrate content of the river in mg/mL?
.025 .035 .04 .05 .06 .07
.004
.015
.003
.10
.211
.350
.453
.556
.623
.671
.691
The n p* (T1) transition occurs at 397nm, the n p* (S1) transition occurs at 355nm. What is the difference in energy between the n p* (T1) state?
Relaxation Processes
1.
2.
Radiationless loss of energy in small steps; excitation energy converted into kinetic energy by small collisions with other molecules, small increase in temperature Fluorescence: radiative form of relaxation Resonance fluorescence: no change in wavelength from excitation to emission Lowest e- state, vibrational, rotational state of each excited state produces resonance mostly in atoms
Stokes Shift
Molecules see more non-resonance fluorescence Not all excited energy is transmitted as radiation (some is non-radiative) Makes emission spectrum look like mirror image of excitation spectrum This shift in the spectrum toward longer wavelengths is called Stokes Shift
Radiative form of relaxation, involves inter-system crossing where an eflips spin. Long lifetime!
Relevent energy transitions for acetone 3.63 x 10-19 J 3.26 x 10-19 J 2.96 x 10-19 J
You are in graduate school and just synthesized a new organic complex that absorbs UV light. Your advisor is really excited and tells you that you can write a paper about it for submission to the Journal of Organic Chemistry but first wants more information about the new compound for inclusion in the paper. One piece of useful information would be the e. Design an experiment to do this.
Riboflavin Demo